Difference between revisions of "Pasteurella"

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(Created page with "snuffles is the street name for Pasteurella , it shows up as a respitory infection accompanied by thick white/ yellow mucus, raspy strained breathing. there are 2 forms Acute and Chronic. over 80% of rabbits are carries as it lives in the environment . but it has 2 stages : a carrier is not present with an active infection( and is not contagious with an active illness, their immune systems are holding it off so it is dormant. ONCE SNUFFLES BECOMES ACTIVE it is a terminal...")
 
 
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snuffles is the street name for Pasteurella , it shows up as a respitory infection accompanied by thick white/ yellow mucus, raspy strained breathing. there are 2 forms Acute and Chronic. over 80% of rabbits are carries as it lives in the environment . but it has 2 stages : a carrier is not present with an active infection( and is not contagious with an active illness, their immune systems are holding it off so it is dormant. ONCE SNUFFLES BECOMES ACTIVE it is a terminal cull. if the rabbit is able to survive the acute raspatory infection, it Will be contagious with active infection, and will spread a stronger infection to neighboring rabbits they they may not be able to fight off, , thru therapeutic antibiotics, it will then move on to the Chronic snuffles, in the chronic form, Pasteurella moves to the body cavities, and eats away at the organs , while filling the body cavity with thick mucus. chronic pasterlla will slowly and painfully kill a rabbit.
=Pasteurella ("Snuffles")=
 
Snuffles is the common name for *Pasteurella multocida*, a respiratory bacterial infection in rabbits. It presents with thick white or yellow mucus and strained, raspy breathing. There are two forms: Acute and Chronic. Over 80% of rabbits are carriers, as the bacterium can survive in the environment.
 
==Etiology (Cause)==
* Caused by *Pasteurella multocida*, a Gram-negative bacterium
* Highly prevalent in domestic and wild rabbit populations
* Exists in two stages: Dormant Carrier and Active Infection
** Dormant Carrier: No active symptoms; immune system suppresses bacterial activity
** Active Infection: The rabbit becomes contagious and can develop Acute or Chronic disease
 
==Clinical Signs==
* Persistent nasal mucus
* Wet yellow-stained noses and paws
* Raspy or strained breathing
* Intermittent sneezing fits
* Sore hocks
* Lethargy and fatigue
* Signs of pain
* In chronic cases, lesions may develop on internal organs, and thick mucus may accumulate in body cavities
 
==Treatment, Prevention, and Control==
*There is no on-label treatment for Pasteurella in rabbits.*
 
**Off-Label Treatments:**
* **Draxxin (Tulathromycin)** 
  Appears most effective when administered at the first signs of sneezing or white mucus. Early intervention may eliminate infection within 72 hours. More trials are needed. Pilot study 2017: 
  [Efficacy of Tulathramycin in the Treatment of Respiratory Pasteurollosis in Rabbits, Edrees et al., 2017](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Efficacy-of-Tulathramycin-in-the-Treatment-of-in-Edrees-Abdellatief/be26b70bdee671eb3a4b0723e1a4a32409aef421) DOI:10.17582/JOURNAL.AAVS/2017/5.12.477.485
 
* Barn trials showed ~95% effectiveness with a single dose; symptomatic rabbits received a second dose after 7 days for full clearance.
 
* **Baytril (Enrofloxacin)** 
  Effective for early-onset cases in 2014 trials: 
  [Alternative treatment of serious and mild Pasteurella multocida infection in New Zealand White rabbits, Palócz et al., 2014](https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-014-0276-6) 
 
* **β-Glucans** 
  Prophylactic oral administration can protect against naturally acquired infection and extend survival time under higher challenge doses.
 
**Management Notes:**
* Acute infection can be survivable with therapeutic antibiotics, but rabbits remain contagious.
* Chronic infection progresses to internal organ involvement and is often terminal.
* Vaccination provides only variable protection; environmental control and early treatment are critical.
 
==References==
* [Pasteurellosis in Rabbits, ResearchGate, 2000](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235256769_Pasteurellosis_in_Rabbits) 
* [Pathological findings in a fatal pet rabbit Pasteurellosis, ResearchGate, 2020](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341431114_Pathological_findings_in_a_fatal_pet_rabbit_Pasteurellosis) 
* [Pathogenomics insights for understanding Pasteurella multocida adaptation, Hurtado et al., 2020](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422120300278)

Latest revision as of 18:42, 17 August 2025

Pasteurella ("Snuffles")[edit | edit source]

Snuffles is the common name for *Pasteurella multocida*, a respiratory bacterial infection in rabbits. It presents with thick white or yellow mucus and strained, raspy breathing. There are two forms: Acute and Chronic. Over 80% of rabbits are carriers, as the bacterium can survive in the environment.

Etiology (Cause)[edit | edit source]

  • Caused by *Pasteurella multocida*, a Gram-negative bacterium
  • Highly prevalent in domestic and wild rabbit populations
  • Exists in two stages: Dormant Carrier and Active Infection
    • Dormant Carrier: No active symptoms; immune system suppresses bacterial activity
    • Active Infection: The rabbit becomes contagious and can develop Acute or Chronic disease

Clinical Signs[edit | edit source]

  • Persistent nasal mucus
  • Wet yellow-stained noses and paws
  • Raspy or strained breathing
  • Intermittent sneezing fits
  • Sore hocks
  • Lethargy and fatigue
  • Signs of pain
  • In chronic cases, lesions may develop on internal organs, and thick mucus may accumulate in body cavities

Treatment, Prevention, and Control[edit | edit source]

  • There is no on-label treatment for Pasteurella in rabbits.*
    • Off-Label Treatments:**
  • **Draxxin (Tulathromycin)**
 Appears most effective when administered at the first signs of sneezing or white mucus. Early intervention may eliminate infection within 72 hours. More trials are needed. Pilot study 2017:  
 [Efficacy of Tulathramycin in the Treatment of Respiratory Pasteurollosis in Rabbits, Edrees et al., 2017](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Efficacy-of-Tulathramycin-in-the-Treatment-of-in-Edrees-Abdellatief/be26b70bdee671eb3a4b0723e1a4a32409aef421) DOI:10.17582/JOURNAL.AAVS/2017/5.12.477.485
  • Barn trials showed ~95% effectiveness with a single dose; symptomatic rabbits received a second dose after 7 days for full clearance.
  • **Baytril (Enrofloxacin)**
 Effective for early-onset cases in 2014 trials:  
 [Alternative treatment of serious and mild Pasteurella multocida infection in New Zealand White rabbits, Palócz et al., 2014](https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-014-0276-6)
  • **β-Glucans**
 Prophylactic oral administration can protect against naturally acquired infection and extend survival time under higher challenge doses.
    • Management Notes:**
  • Acute infection can be survivable with therapeutic antibiotics, but rabbits remain contagious.
  • Chronic infection progresses to internal organ involvement and is often terminal.
  • Vaccination provides only variable protection; environmental control and early treatment are critical.

References[edit | edit source]

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