Researchlinks

Drop links here with brief description.

https://www.facebook.com/RabbitResearch?mibextid=ZbWKwL

This list is an unfiltered list of Rabbit related articles. It includes, all types: piolet studies, peer reviewed studies, journal papers, debunked studies, & current studies, for the purpose of cross referencing.

Rabbit Rearing Breeding

Reproductive Organs and hormones

2022 Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in female rabbits and its relation to spay status, pseudopregnancy and ovarian follicle numbers

Böhmer F, Erber K, Ewringmann A, Klein R, Reese S, Böhmer C, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Walter B. Reprod Domest Anim. 2022 Sep 2. doi: 10.1111/rda.14240. Online ahead of print. PMID: 36052807 PMID: 36052807 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14240

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36052807/

2003 New perspectives in rearing systems for rabbit does" by L. Maertens

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/cXB4T0V3WGRoN25VRlhPRGZBWHdZY05NNGlWMUxVWDZHSGRiWjBWTEhLQT0tLWV2MERGdUNIams2SUtINEtCaW9Nenc9PQ==--655158b38adde0b05bd4b67e88c8cc60718f28c4/t/sPPdN-QrcBT6s-sfvjo/resource/work/27578695/New_perspectives_in_rearing_systems_for_rabbit_does?email_work_card=title

2018 Rabbit sperm (Blog) Not Easter bunnies or hares, but rabbit reproduction and sperm : Prof Gerhard van der Horst (PhD, PhD)

Prof Gerhard van der Horst (PhD, PhD) Senior Consultant MICROPTIC S.L. https://www.micropticsl.com/rabbit-blog/

===Neutering of pet rabbits. Whitehead, M. L. (2017) === Veterinary Record, 180(8), 204.1–205. doi:10.1136/vr.j826 . https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/vr.j826

===response :Neutering of pet rabbits. Frances Harcourt-Brown (2017)===. Veterinary Record, 180(15), 385–386. doi:10.1136/vr.j1812

Skull Shape, Maloculsion. Dentition

2020 Skull Shape Diversity in Pet Rabbits and the Applicability of Anatomical Reference Lines for Objective Interpretation of Dental Disease

Christine Böhmer 1, Estella Böhmer 2 Vet Sci . 2020 Nov 20;7(4):182. doi: 10.3390/vetsci7040182. PMID: 33233758 PMCID: PMC7711434 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040182 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233758/

Abstract

Acquired dental problems are among the most frequently encountered diseases in pet rabbits. However, early symptoms are often overlooked because the affected animals first appear completely asymptomatic. Alterations from anatomical reference lines according to Böhmer and Crossley applied to standard skull X-ray images, have been shown to be indicative of tooth health problems in pet rabbits. Despite its proven usefulness, there are exceptions in which the anatomical reference lines appear not to be suitable for application. We addressed this issue by quantifying the cranial morphology of a large data set of pet rabbit patients (N = 80). The results of the morphometric analyses revealed considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbits, but variance in only a few parameters influences the applicability of the anatomical reference lines. The most substantial parameter is the palatal angle. Specimens in which the anatomical reference lines could not be applied, have a rather large angle between the skull base and the palatal bone. We recommend to measure the palatal angle before applying the anatomical reference lines for objective interpretation of dental disease. Pet rabbits with a palatal angle larger than 18.8° are not strictly suitable for the successful application of the anatomical reference lines.

Keywords: Lagomorpha; evolution; geometric morphometrics; malocclusion; masticatory apparatus; pathology; teeth.

Notes:

Conclusions The present study showed that there is considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbit (of no specific breed). The domestication of rabbits—most likely with a single origin from wild populations of France [56,57,58]—has led to a very high phenotypic diversity with more than 200 breeds recognized worldwide [57]. The morphological variation is reflected in a wide variety of commercial and laboratory uses. Nevertheless, the applicability of the occlusal reference line is not significantly influenced by variance in parameters such as the length of the maxillary molar row or of the palatal bone. It is slightly affected by the caudal height of the nasal bone and the cranial length to height ratio. In pet rabbits with a rather high caudal nose and a short skull in relation to their skull height, the occlusal reference line is not always applicable. However, these parameters explain only partially why in some cases the occlusal reference line cannot be applied. The most substantial parameter that allows to predict if the occlusal reference line is applicable or not is the palatal angle. If the angle between the skull base and the palatal bone is larger than 18.8°, the occlusal plane of the molars is shifted outside the occlusal reference line. In these cases, they are not suitable for successful objective interpretation of norm- and malocclusion.

2018 Developmental pathways of periodontal tissue regeneration: Developmental diversities of tooth morphogenesis do also map capacity of periodontal tissue regeneration?

Ugo Ripamonti 1 J Periodontal Res. 2019 Feb;54(1):10-26. doi: 10.1111/jre.12596. Epub 2018 Sep 12. PMID: 30207395 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12596

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30207395/

2017 Shape Variation in the Craniomandibular System and Prevalence of Dental Problems in Domestic Rabbits: A Case Study in Evolutionary Veterinary Science

Vet Sci. 2017 Mar; 4(1): 5. Published online 2017 Jan 24. doi: 10.3390/vetsci4010005 PMCID: PMC5606619 PMID: 29056664 Christine Böhmer1,* and Estella Böhmer2 Patrick Butaye, Academic Editor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606619/

Abstract:

In contrast to wild lagomorphs, pet rabbits exhibit a noticeably high frequency of dental problems. Although dietary habits are considered as a major factor contributing to acquired malocclusions, the exact causes and interrelationships are still under debate. In this regard, an important aspect that has not been considered thoroughly to date is the effect of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in skull morphology. Therefore, we conducted a geometric morphometric analysis on skull radiological images of wild and pet rabbits in order to quantify intraspecific variation in craniomandibular morphology. The statistical analyses reveal a significant morphological differentiation of the craniomandibular system between both groups. Furthermore, the analysis of covariance shows that the force-generating modules (cranium and mandible) vary independently from the force-receiving module (hypselodont teeth) in pet rabbits, which is in contrast to their wild relatives. Our findings suggest that the phenotypic changes in domestic rabbits impact mastication performance and, consequently, oral health. An adequate close-to-nature nutrition throughout the whole life and especially beginning early parallel to weaning (phase of increased phenotypic plasticity) is necessary to ensure a normal strain on the teeth by promoting physiological lateral gliding movements and avoiding direct axial loads.

Keywords: masticatory apparatus, axial load, malocclusion, reference lines, Lagomorpha, evolutionary morphology, phenotypic plasticity

notes:

"Free living rabbits also strip bark off trees with their incisors and chew it just as they nibble at delicate roots. In addition to that, animals with a healthy dentition grind their incisors and cheek teeth periodically which is called “thegosis” or “bruxism”. These planning jaw movements occur in the absence of food and help to maintain a physiological length and shape of the teeth. Thegosis is seen predominantly when rabbits are at rest [62]. Rabbits with a malocclusion, however, often avoid these special jaw movements due to dental pain. Elongated clinical crowns of both the incisors and cheek teeth are a consequence of this."

"In summary, this suggests that in grazing wild rabbits cheek teeth are strained primarily in a laterorostral direction while shear forces on the interlocked enamel crests dominate and there is only a small amount of axial load on the cheek teeth. In this context, it is reasonable that the first mandibular cheek tooth is the largest of the rabbit dentition. Thus, the teeth lying behind it can firmly prop up against this stronger premolar. In contrast to wild animals, most pet and breeding rabbits predominantly crush “unnatural” food between their teeth (pellets, carrots and other root vegetables) which is accompanied with a much higher axial strain on the (pre-)molars and an insufficient tooth wear (higher clinical crowns) combined with a tendency to retrograde tooth elongation [1]. This fact appears also to explain why longitudinal splits of the first mandibular premolar (P3) are so common in pet rabbits. They are assumed to be the consequence of a load-related apical irritation that results in an abnormal tooth tissue formation (hypoplasia). Thus, the altered cement fails to connect both tooth bodies firmly together (bilophodont cheek teeth) resulting in a longitudinally “split” tooth [1].

Considering additionally that hay is more resistant than fresh grasses, it seems logical to develop further the hypothesis that pet and breeding rabbits had to develope stronger jaw muscles and secondarily larger axial bite forces than their wild counterparts to be able to crush their unnatural food more effectively. This might be supported by a shorter skull and more vertically oriented muscle fibers whereas a longer skull with a more anteriorly positioned masseter muscle (as seen in wild rabbits) reduces the vertical bite force due to a greater distribution of bite forces on all cheek teeth. As teeth at the rear of the dentition generally exert higher bite forces than the more rostrally positioned teeth, this might be an explanation for the found tendency of the cheek teeth to shift caudally in the group of the domestic rabbits. Furthermore, the presence of stronger muscles may explain the more salient appearance of the caudoventral part of the masseteric fossa (mandibular angle) in pet rabbits, as in different mammals (re-)modeling of the mandibular cortical bone has proven to be associated with oral processing of tough food (reviewed in [70]). This research has shown that especially a postnatal variation in diet-related jaw-loading patterns had a marked influence on the masticatory bone formation, leading to morphological variations between sister taxa in the long term [70]. With age, however, plasticity decreases. Based on this, rabbit breeders feeding predominantly pellets and hay seem to promote malocclusions in adult rabbits unknowingly as the masticatory apparatus of the weanlings is exposed to unphysiological strains that may result in changes of the skull morphology."

" Hay seems to be the most mechanically challenging food as it is tougher and stiffer than pellets ......... [70]. It requires more chews per gram to be processed which results in longer chewing bouts compared to pellets and carrots. This means that over a longer period of time the teeth are predominantly axially loaded due to the elevated bite force. If we take into consideration that hay with a lot of hard stems has reduced nutritive properties and potential limits on digestibility, then rabbits eating predominantly hay need to consume large quantities to meet basic metabolic and nutritional demands [70]. All of this promotes retrograde tooth elongation and incursion of the apices into the adjacent bone (most common finding in malocclusions) [1]. Furthermore, hay also promotes periodontal diseases (impacted food) and, therefore is not the best nutrition for rabbits [31]. Grasses and other fresh plants, however, are abrasive, but relatively soft and, thus, can be ground down with relatively low axial load of the cheek teeth as the primary strain on the (pre-) molars occurs in a more physiological laterorostral direction with the aid of the shearing power stroke"""

2016 Evolutionary morphology of the rabbit skull

Brian Kraatz 1, Emma Sherratt 2 PMID: 27688967 PMCID: PMC5036099 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2453 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27688967/

2016 Anatomy, Physiology and Non-dental Disorders of the Mouth of Pet Rabbits

Thomas M Donnelly 1, David Vella 2 Affiliations expand PMID: 27497204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.04.004 Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract . 2016 Sep;19(3):737-56. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.04.004.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27497204/

2016 Genetic and environmental factors influencing tooth and jaw malformations in rabbits

A K Korn 1, H R Brandt 1, G Erhardt 1 Affiliations expand Vet Rec. 2016 Apr 2;178(14):341. doi: 10.1136/vr.103293. Epub 2016 Feb 23. PMID: 26908159 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103293

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26908159/

Rabbit Social

2018 Changes in brain architecture are consistent with altered fear processing in domestic rabbits

Irene Brusini, Miguel Carneiro, Chunliang Wang, +11, and Leif Andersson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-6968 leif.andersson@imbim.uu.seAuthors Info & Affiliations Contributed by Leif Andersson, April 21, 2018 (sent for review January 18, 2018; reviewed by Kenneth Hugdahl, and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra) June 25, 2018 115 (28) 7380-7385 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801024115

DOMESTICATED rabbits lost critical thinking skills. Domestic Rabbits Have Reduced Amygdala Size and Increased Medial Prefrontal Cortex Volume. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1801024115

Abstract The most characteristic feature of domestic animals is their change in behavior associated with selection for tameness. Here we show, using high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging in wild and domestic rabbits, that domestication reduced amygdala volume and enlarged medial prefrontal cortex volume, supporting that areas driving fear have lost volume while areas modulating negative affect have gained volume during domestication. In contrast to the localized gray matter alterations, white matter anisotropy was reduced in the corona radiata, corpus callosum, and the subcortical white matter. This suggests a compromised white matter structural integrity in projection and association fibers affecting both afferent and efferent neural flow, consistent with reduced neural processing. We propose that compared with their wild ancestors, domestic rabbits are less fearful and have an attenuated flight response because of these changes in brain architecture.

2013 Impact of feed restriction and of the hygiene of housing on rabbit performances and health

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275519611_Impact_of_feed_restriction_and_of_the_hygiene_of_housing_on_rabbit_performances_and_health TY - BOOK AU - Gidenne, Thierry AU - Martin, O. AU - Oswald, Isabelle AU - Floc'h, N. AU - Combes, Sylvie PY - 2013/08/27 SP - 75 T1 - Impact of feed restriction and of the hygiene of housing on rabbit performances and health ER -

Rabbit communal housing , does shouldn't be housed together. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71955

2006 Animal economics: assessing the motivation of female laboratory rabbits to reach a platform, social contact and food

Author links open overlay panelShirley C.Seaman∗Natalie K.Waran†1GeorgiaMason‡2Richard B.D'Eath§3

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347207004769?via%3Dihub https://www.ufaw.org.uk/the-ufaw-3rs-liaison-group-research-studentship/shirley-seaman

""Shirley concluded that laboratory rabbits are motivated to gain visual and minimal tactile contact with conspecifics and that social contact was found to be of equal importance to food. Therefore, where it is not possible to house female rabbits in groups, providing limited social contact is likely to be beneficial. Rabbits were also found to be motivated for a cage platform, although it appeared to be proximity to a bolt-hole that was most important.""

video wild territorial rabbit interactions

Graphic... but here it is in action in the wild.... it's a kill kick only... meant to eviscerate or break the neck of an opponent https://youtu.be/F5xAJViPTXE

Feed related

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314298664_Reflections_on_rabbit_diets

2017 rabbit_tracks_feeds_and_feeding ( Article)

https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/rabbit_tracks_feeds_and_feeding

2013 Impact_of_feed_restriction_and_of_the_hygiene_of_housing_on_rabbit_performances_and_health (Study)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275519611_Impact_of_feed_restriction_and_of_the_hygiene_of_housing_on_rabbit_performances_and_health

2011 Nutrition Know-How: Pet Rabbit Nutrition (article)

Sept 2011 https://www.vetfolio.com/learn/article/nutrition-know-how-pet-rabbit-nutrition vicky ograin , mba , rvt Vicky works for Hills, has written one rabbit article, and dosen't specialize in exotics

2010 Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition (Text Book)

Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition <<------ THIS!!!!

2004 REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION

REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION

REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION LEBAS F. Cuniculture, 87a Chemin de Lassère, 31450 Corronsac, France lebas@cuniculture.info ABSTRACT In this invited communication the author proposes a list of nutritional recommendations for rabbits of different categories: growing from 18 to 42 days, from 42 to 80 days, for breeding does according to productivity (40-50 kits weaned per doe/year or more than 50) and for a single diet suitable for all rabbits. Recommendations taking account the last published data, are divided in 2 groups. The first corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to feed efficiency: digestible energy, crude and digestible protein, amino acids, minerals, and fat-soluble vitamins. The second group corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to nutritive security and digestive health: different fibre components (lignins, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and their equilibrium, starch and water soluble vitamins. In a second part, 387 papers published during the last 30 years on raw material utilisation in rabbit feeding were analysed. In a total of 14 tables, the 542 corresponding experiments were summarised each by the identification of the raw material, by the highest level of incorporation used in the experiment, by the highest acceptable level, by the main ingredient(s) replaced by the raw material studied, and finally by the authors reference. Raw materials studied were those used in temperate as well as in tropical countries. The raw material were grouped according to the following categories : raw material used as single food (24 experiments), cereals and by-products (43 exp.), other carbohydrates source of energy (62 exp.), fats (27 exp.), full-fat oleaginous grains (10 exp.), oil cakes and meals (43 exp.), proteic seeds such peas or beans (42 exp.), miscellaneous sources of protein such yeast or leaf protein (18 exp.), animal products (21 exp.), non-protein nitrogen source such urea (9 exp.), forages (157 exp.), cereal straws, alkali treated or not (33 exp.), cover or parts of dried grains source of fibre such stalks, hulls or cobs (19 exp.) and industrial by-products usable as fibre source (51 exp.). Key words: nutritional recommendations, raw materials, data basis"

2000 RECENT RESEARCH ADVANCES IN RABBIT NUTRITION December 2000 (peer reviewed research paper)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268003523_RECENT_RESEARCH_ADVANCES_IN_RABBIT_NUTRITION Francois LEBAS (40+yrs specializing in Rabbit nutrition and research) 485 publications Assoc. Cuniculture & INRA French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE) | INRAE · Tissus Animaux, Nutrition, Digestion, Ecosystème et Métabolisme (TANDEM) Ingénieur Agronome ENSA Grignon

1991 Anti-nutritional factors, the potential risks of toxicity and methods to alleviate them

by R. Kumar INTRODUCTION

The anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) may be defined as those substances generated in natural feed stuffs by the normal metabolism of species and by different mechanisms (e.g., inactivation of some nutrients, diminution of the digestive process or metabolic utilization of feed) which exert effects contrary to optimum nutrition. Being an ANF is not an intrinsic characteristic of a compound but depends upon the digestive process of the ingesting animal. Trypsin inhibitors, which are ANFs for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen (Cheeke and Shull, 1985).

The utility of the leaves, pods and edible twigs of shrubs and trees as animal feed is limited by the presence of ANFs. The raison d'être of ANFs in plants seems to be as a way of storing nutrient or as a means of defending their structure and reproductive elements (Harborne, 1989). In fact, plants contain thousand of compounds which, depending upon the situations, can have beneficial or deleterious effects on organisms consuming them. These compounds, with the exception of nutrients, are referred to as ‘allelochemicals’ (Rosenthal and Janzen, 1979). ANFs may be regarded as a class of these compounds, which are generally not lethal. They diminish animal productivity but may also cause toxicity during periods of scarcity or confinement when the feed rich in these substances is consumed by animals in large quantities.

https://www.fao.org/3/T0632E/T0632E10.htm?fbclid=IwAR2ihLLGXucGo66Ya5hK5TnCuUj9g1snVJjQPV_g4UUmhX1tIQu_IeQ-6bE

https://www.fao.org/3/T0632E/T0632E00.htm#TOC

General Feed Supplements

2019 Performance of rabbits fed diets with varying concentrate and fodder ratio in north eastern region of Tripura" by Asit Chakrabarti

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/MGIycnE2am5lK09CbkEzWnluM1JtaFFjNlk0UVUxSGpQTXNWTE1hS2VYZz0tLWsrdFc5bElVOHcyYmVzWkhrQmRSMVE9PQ==--5b5a30c634eeea396188f5f96e29e2476dd5cdd6/t/sPPdN-QmEt7ei-AvMTB/resource/work/39725417/Performance_of_rabbits_fed_diets_with_varying_concentrate_and_fodder_ratio_in_north_eastern_region_of_Tripura?email_work_card=title

2017 Growth Performance and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility Coefficients of Weaned Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Forms of Cocoa Pod Husk Meal" by Asian Online Journal Publishing Group

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/L3IzQTZDNUVZWUF2NEwvZDV1Wkp0ZU52TU1meHJIY1dXYkt3UXU4T3E5UT0tLUl3SW9lQ0RZU3NhMjAwNjhIWWY3Y3c9PQ==--a3f206fa63664368e8bfde6eebd8f9470a3bdb2a/t/sPPdN-QpF3kHw-bqigTi/resource/work/35848207/Growth_Performance_and_Apparent_Nutrient_Digestibility_Coefficients_of_Weaned_Rabbits_Fed_Diets_Containing_Different_Forms_of_Cocoa_Pod_Husk_Meal?email_work_card=title

2016 Effect of Zinc Supplementation on some Physiological and Growth Traits in Local Male Rabbit" by World's Veterinary Journal Editor (2014)

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/UzR2b3BhSVl6QjFMeTk5bjR1dXQxYTNhZXBwQUh2UncxdFNBUVVjZkRoMD0tLTIrY1NFWVBnU05mWnNwZlFPUTlrM3c9PQ==--7ad74ccf2d833f46a06ba9dcf8a6f6d63038c707/t/sPPdN-QfnHV4z-kQ1wm/resource/work/32956665/Effect_of_Zinc_Supplementation_on_some_Physiological_and_Growth_Traits_in_Local_Male_Rabbit?email_work_card=title Mahmood Hassan Mohammed Amen1*and Sarmad Sulaiman Muhammad1,2 1 Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar Technical Institute, Animal Health Department, Nursing Department -Sulaimani- Kalar2 Garmian, Iraq *Corresponding author`s Email: mohmood.ameen@spu.edu.iq

2015 EFFECT OF DIETARY SELENIUM ENRICHED MICRO-ALGAE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ANTI- OXIDATIVE STATUS OF RABBITS UNDER HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN SUMMER SEASON" by mohamed basyony

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/QllhK1c5L1FDbkFwNEdTNkY4UDI3QnpOTGlCSTRtQ0lNd1V5QTBKVWk2RT0tLXVVQjVtOEVNUm9ZQkIzOEZmY3orSWc9PQ==--c79ce43255800522b842d0c8be4f1a102ba46aaf/t/sPPdN-Qp4b4Q1-bhRvi1/resource/work/21619748/EFFECT_OF_DIETARY_SELENIUM_ENRICHED_MICRO_ALGAE_SUPPLEMENTATION_ON_GROWTH_PERFORMANCE_AND_ANTI_OXIDATIVE_STATUS_OF_RABBITS_UNDER_HIGH_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE_IN_SUMMER_SEASON?email_work_card=title

2014 EFFECT OF CHAMOMILE FLOWERS AS FEED ADDITIVE ON SOME BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR GROWING RABBITS" by Ibrahim abaza

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/YjZsSmVsM3AxM2F4enBmNkU5KzRuTVo2cFJKdUlDY3hVMGJSMDVRS2pwND0tLVN1V3FvTHc5MnI0NXFVbjBuQ1hnYUE9PQ==--3b3eadef9f6ebfe96bfa15eea7a3dfae8e494a31/t/sPPdN-Qpjmi1D-bdz6oo/resource/work/9329672/EFFECT_OF_CHAMOMILE_FLOWERS_AS_FEED_ADDITIVE_ON_SOME_BIOLOGICAL_PARAMETERS_FOR_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title

2013 Utilization of Flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Rabbit Rations. 2. Influence of Flaxseeds Levels Supplementations on Blood Constituents, Carcass Characteristics and Fatty Acids Profile." by dr.azza badr

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/UThubG0wTEgrc1BKeEFnT3pycEF1OUxwVHZ6S1RGcVd1SkErVThPQnZqMD0tLXV5ZW5LVitIT0NhdDYvZnFuVWJlRlE9PQ==--4d0a1cc52d355dfd197363aa7fa6dc86b45cdf4a/t/sPPdN-QgG9ADH-bbjVAv/resource/work/12250987/Utilization_of_Flaxseeds_Linum_usitatissimum_L_in_Rabbit_Rations_2_Influence_of_Flaxseeds_Levels_Supplementations_on_Blood_Constituents_Carcass_Characteristics_and_Fatty_Acids_Profile?email_work_card=title

2013 Utilization of Flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Rabbit Rations. 1. Response of Growing Rabbits to DietsHamed A.A. Omer, AbdEl-Maged A. Abedo, Sawsan M. Ahmed, Azza M.M. Badrand Mervat S.M. HasaninLife Science..." by dr.azza badr

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/cEd0VnRmek51ZDdkNlJBSVhaUlBmV1F1ekFPRUdKTUR3RjczdnVCVSs3MD0tLW1WVGgvc3M2aTdFUURKV2MwOXAwQ3c9PQ==--8aaaec6b132b8e0db8dc46fab39fe4e45b811b1b/t/sPPdN-Qgz1jJD-HxeW0/resource/work/8539516/Utilization_of_Flaxseeds_Linum_usitatissimum_L_in_Rabbit_Rations_1_Response_of_Growing_Rabbits_to_DietsHamed_A_A_Omer_AbdEl_Maged_A_Abedo_Sawsan_M_Ahmed_Azza_M_M_Badrand_Mervat_S_M_HasaninLife_Science_Journal_2013_10_4_?email_work_card=title

2011 The Nutritive Value of Zornia glochidiata as a Non-conventional Feedstuff in Rabbit in Sokoto, Nigeria" by Ndudim Ogo

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/aUFMWjBISEJNMHVKZ080NjR5TGErcXpJRzJMelp0U0JtamU4Y2lvRFpJUT0tLVA2dEFmL0hEcGg0SFV2TG1teVlFaWc9PQ==--622e2baee790f8efb1144e9240ed1ada4b3fe5c8/t/sPPdN-QnogdXn-bc1HPX/resource/work/18711695/The_Nutritive_Value_of_Zornia_glochidiata_as_a_Non_conventional_Feedstuff_in_Rabbit_in_Sokoto_Nigeria?email_work_card=title

1994 Additional energy supplements in the diet for growing rabbits" by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyat

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/Rk9LdEk3cUt6aDQwdEUvK0dPaHhvUkRVRk5iUzdlV05WelVvS3prZkJGdz0tLWZZRFZWUGN3N2ZNTTBFOU4zRElqQ0E9PQ==--bd7de4edfce98920e93a0b1c5d01a3591f51cc78/t/sPPdN-Qdcm7Pe-p67QM/resource/work/23248022/Additional_energy_supplements_in_the_diet_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title

Corn

2011 EFFECT OF DIETARY CORN COBS AND ENZYMESSUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWING RABBITS PERFORMANCE

https://www.academia.edu/8019560/EFFECT_OF_DIETARY_CORN_COBS_AND_ENZYMES_SUPPLEMENTATION_ON_GROWING_RABBITS_PERFORMANCE?email_work_card=title

Various Legume as feed and feed supplements

2013 Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as sole sources of proteins for growing rabbits" by Donald Chisowa

Vol. 1(5), pp.57-67, August 2013 Available online at http://www.accessinterjournals.org/aijasCopyright ©2013 Access International Journals https://www.academia.edu/keypass/SWR6b1dLWFNBb3pxbFh3VXNCUmxjWnFuV0hac1JuMnhjVERWUzh3djYwOD0tLTdwcXJ2VmJ1UTFTa0p5TzBCUFdlb1E9PQ==--e17ca3b4f9f183f27b84e94a67e75efe6ebf36f4/t/sPPdN-QoQRVXM-WNtJE/resource/work/11351185/Evaluation_of_soybean_Glycine_max_cowpea_Vigna_unguiculata_and_pigeon_pea_Cajanus_cajan_as_sole_sources_of_proteins_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title

notes: The highest post-weaning mortality was observed in rabbits fed cowpea-based ration. Rabbits fed cowpea-based ration were found to have pale, pathologically enlarged kidneys during post-mortem and carcass analysis (Plates 1, 2). Rabbits fed cowpea-based ration were also found with hemorrhagic intestines and pale livers during post-mortem. In Conclusion :The results observed in this study indicate superiority of soybean over pigeon pea and cowpea as sole sources of protein in rabbit rations. The study further demonstrated that pigeon pea was superior to cowpea as a sole source of protein in rabbit rations. The study has also indicated that even though soybean has been observed to be more effective than pigeon pea and cowpea as a protein supplement, pigeon pea can replace soybean without adversely affecting the performance of rabbits. Results of this study suggest that the variety of cowpea used in these experiments is not suitable as a sole source of protein in rabbit rations because of its high tannin content. Results of this study have demonstrated that the Flemish Giant performs better than the New Zealand

White and the California Black under similar management system. 

2016 EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH OR WITHOUT BENTONITE ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS"

EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH OR WITHOUT BENTONITE ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWINGRABBITS Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science 26(2):211-230 DOI:10.21608/ejrs.2016.42076

Walaa A. Salama; M.M. Basyony; Marwa A. Suliman, R.I.M. Matari and Hanan A.M. Hassanein

Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, El-Dokki,Giza, Egypt .

Corresponding author: walaa A. Salama, E-mail" Address" walaa.attia2@gmail.com

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/aGhEa0Y3MXpTUm9QK0g4NS8rbGVZTmwyL3Q2Wmd1bFh0VzhhYTFkR1lGTT0tLWdvNlFRT0hhcEowVy9ESGpQTFplTHc9PQ==--e954ae63b78666fe8b6026136d1caa841a3244e7/t/sPPdN-QaECJQk-baz1zi/resource/work/36496594/EFFECT_OF_FEEDING_OLIVE_CAKE_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_BENTONITE_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334743966_EFFECT_OF_FEEDING_OLIVE_CAKE_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_BENTONITE_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS

2011, Influence of dietary benzoic acid addition on nutrient digestibility and selected biochemical parameters in fattening rabbits" by K. Fegeros

a b s t r a c t

The effects of two inclusion levels of benzoic acid (5 and 20g/kg diet; B5 and B20, respectively) vs. a control (C) and an antibiotic (tiamulin) supplemented (A; 150mg/kg) diet onnutrientdigestibilityandselectedbiochemicalparameterswereinvestigatedin48weaned(n=12 per treatment) rabbits (35 days old). Blood samples were obtained (at 45 and 85days of age) to measure erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Ca and P levels. At 56 days of age total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) was determined. At the end of the trial (85 days) rabbits were slaughtered for subsequent measurements. GSH-Px activity was also determined in liver homogenates post-mortem. Benzoic acid inclusion level decreased linearly (P<0.05) the weight of total full gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a trend (P=0.058) to increased dressingyield. The TTAD of organic matter(OM)increased linearly(P<0.05),whereas that of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy tended to increase (P=0.067, P=0.090 and P=0.098,respectively)withbenzoicacidincrement.TheTTADofaNDFom,hemicellulosesandcellu-lose was affected quadratically (P<0.05) by benzoic acid supplementation, with the B5-fedrabbits showing the higher values. Plasma ALP activity and P levels were linearly reduced(P<0.001) by benzoic acid inclusion, but no influence was observed on GSH-Px activity in erythrocytes or liver. In conclusion, dietary benzoic acid affects the TTAD of OM and fibre fractions in a dose dependent manner, without having any adverse effect on the systemic markers (biochemical parameters) examined.

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/b2lheWJTUWNnUEVBTG5Ddm1YamhzSDQySGNZd0k1TVV1aE1ldmFVR1RGVT0tLUNLSk5MYmlvYW1kN29STUUzSCtPelE9PQ==--917462902d2600191af2d70536465a40bd316be4/t/sPPdN-QepHj7D-VtVZd/resource/work/30474431/Influence_of_dietary_benzoic_acid_addition_on_nutrient_digestibility_and_selected_biochemical_parameters_in_fattening_rabbits?email_work_card=title

2013 Hamed A.A Omerand Azza M.M. Badr.Growth Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Pea StrawLife Science Journal 2013;10(2)" by dr.azza badr

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/U2pZNE5LYmdLY2NleXppeDhCb2owd2YxZ0FDNWJub2IzNmNsM0ZCNlpIQT0tLU51UHBhN3JGQ0ZmOWJYclJTdWRKNkE9PQ==--429eb979b597c8159c3230f2bb5e087f0b6765ca/t/sPPdN-QcSQb5L-bxcsdM/resource/work/8539260/Hamed_A_A_Omerand_Azza_M_M_Badr_Growth_Performance_of_New_Zealand_White_Rabbits_Fed_Diets_Containing_Different_Levels_of_Pea_StrawLife_Science_Journal_2013_10_2_?email_work_card=title

Conclusion: Under the conditions of this experiment, the results indicated that, pea straw could be used up to50% in growing rabbit diets in place of the most conventional ingredients (berseem hay), or incorporated pea straw at 20 % of growing rabbit diets, achieved a better results of growth, carcass, digestibility and economic efficiency without any adverse effect on productive performance of growing rabbits

2006 GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUM OR POTASSIUM, IN SUB-TROPICAL EGYPT

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTERTRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS ASAFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUMOR POTASSIUM, IN SUB-TROPICAL EGYPT Dep. Animal Production, Fac.f Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. I.F.M. Marai*, M.S. Ayyat, and U.M. Abd El-Monem

• Corresponding Author

SUMMARY The study aimed to investigate growth performance, blood components and slaughter traits of NZW male growing (broiler) rabbits (78 animals) as affected by dietary supplementation with calcium, sodium or potassium during 3 months in each of summer and winter, in Egypt. Effects of seasons of the year on the same traits, were also studied. Live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein, albumin, globulin(blood components), urea-N, creatinine (kidney function), AST (Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and ALT (Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) (liver function), pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of carcass, fore-part, hind-part and head of New Zealand White (NZW ) male rabbits were significantly (P<0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) lower in summer than in winter due to the effect of heat stress. Minerals supplementation affected significantly (P<0.001, 0.01 or0.05) male rabbit in final live body weight, daily gain weight, serum total protein and albumin and adjusted weights of carcass and head. Supplementation (per kg diet) with each of 100 mg calcium oxide, 150 mg sodium chloride or 300 mg potassium bicarbonate exceeded significantly (P<0.05) the control diet, at the end of the experimental period. The increase values were 21.3, 9.0 and 7.2%, respectively. Interaction between season and minerals supplementation effects were significant ((P>0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) on final live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein and albumin, pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of liver, carcass intermediate and hind parts and head of NZW male rabbit. The magnitude of improvement was the highest with potassium bicarbonate (300 mg/kg diet)followed by calcium oxide (100 mg/kg diet), in winter. In summer, the highest improvement obtained was with sodium chloride (150 mg/kg diet) supplementation.

At he same time, the interaction effects of the other mineral supplements on the studied traits were negative in the two seasons Pre-slaughter weight significantly affected (P>0.001 or 0.01) adjusted weights of carcass, liver, fore part, intermediate part, hind part and head. Key words:

Rabbits, growth performances, blood components, slaughter traits, heat stress, minerals supplementation.

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/SU9MMGRUSEhLWGlNT20zaXdkTXEyUjJYYWlFaDI2RHRqNnZtYXF1Z1d6WT0tLUphSHIxRlRRbUZQQituR25Gc0dkK2c9PQ==--841cf9236890a2487e4a977273720546ef9a32dc/t/sPPdN-QaqqFUB-nAEXb/resource/work/12692254/GROWTH_PERFORMANCE_BLOOD_COMPONENTS_AND_SLAUGHTER_TRAITS_OF_NEW_ZEALAND_WHITE_MALE_GROWING_RABBITS_AS_AFFECTED_BY_DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTATION_WITH_CALCIUM_SODIUM_OR_POTASSIUM_IN_SUB_TROPICAL_EGYPT?email_work_card=title

2000 Effect of Chemical Composition of Alfalfa Hay on Several . Digestive Measurements in Growing Rabbits" by Rosa Carabaño

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA HAY ON SEVERAL DIGESTIVE MEASUREMENTS IN GROWING RABBITS J. Garcia, c. de Blas, R. Carabafio, and P. Garcia DEPARTAMENTO DE PRODUCCION ANIMAL, E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA, 28040 MADRID, SPAIN

Abstract: Seventy five New Zealand White x Californian rabbits were used to study the influence of chemical composition of alfalfa hay on caecal and cecotrophy characteristics in growing rabbits. Five alfalfa hays were selected varying from 387 to 550 g NDF/kg DM and 35.2 to 27.0 g N/kg DM. Caecum, caecal contents and whole digestive tract weight (%bodyweight) and caecal NDF increased linearly (P=0.001) with the NDF content of diet. This fact implied the impairment of carcass performance when increased the fibre of diet. A linear decrease with NDF content of diet was observed for caecal N (P=0.001) and ammonia concentration ( P=O. 024) , the lowest value of ammonia concentration being 15.4 mg N-NH3/100 ml. A quadratic tendency (P=0.062) of type of diet was observed for the total VFA content, the extreme diets having the highest concentrations (as average 87.9 mmol/1). Caecal pH (as average 5.76) and VFA molar proportions (as average 79.3, 6.6 and 14.1% for acetic, propionic and butyric acid respectively) did not vary with type of diet. Total and microbial nitrogen content of soft faeces decreased linearly with dietary NDF (P=0.001). Soft faeces of alfalfa A showed the highest value of total and microbial nitrogen ( 5. 2 and 2 .1%, respectively). Contribution of soft faeces to DM intake was not affected by type of diet, whereas contribution to N intake were quadratically influenced by diet, having alfalfas A and Ethe highest values ( as average 22. 9%) . It can be concluded that the variation on chemical composition of alfalfa hays produce a change in variables that indicate fermentation characteristics such as caecal ammonia, VFA and microbial nitrogen concentration. However, this changes do not affect the caecal pH value. Key Words: Alfalfa hay, rabbits, caecum, caecotrophy.

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/VldVYTkrN3FQVmVjZzBlT0tPSXFNN3lJWks5a0JDbSs2Nm0vWk5yNTAvZz0tLThQaE85MTc3Vlo2YmdwVSsrTFpJdWc9PQ==--90cc8df7accb7e7757b217e27490b7698e7cf5a0/t/sPPdN-Qa9cnMB-B2d8N/resource/work/24812249/Effect_of_Chemical_Composition_of_Alfalfa_Hay_on_Several_Digestive_Measurements_in_Growing_Rabbits?email_work_card=title

1994 Additional energy supplements in the diet for growing rabbits"

Additional energy supplements in the diet for fattening rabbits Abdalla M.A., Ayyat M.S., Bassuny S.M., Rashwan A.A., Yamani K.A.O. in Baselga M. (ed.), Marai I.F.M. (ed.).Rabbit production in hot climatesZaragoza : CIHEAMCahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 81994 pages 223-231

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/NHFKYlphcXg4VWNzZGVkSDVmVVFXYXlqOCtHSEVrd3RLN0NQN2xDZFZwYz0tLVVFcFpIZE9zV3pEWWRkU1Z5N09JcUE9PQ==--b6e433ce56d2392549ee5b405d73fa8c16e303ff/t/sPPdN-QaifWu2-bfmPBZ/resource/work/23248022/Additional_energy_supplements_in_the_diet_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title

COMMERCIAL ENZYMES

EFFECT OF USING COMMERCIAL ENZYMES TO IMPROVE DIETS CONTAINED PEANUT HAY ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS" by Fathy Atta

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/OUJlVHFVTHozWlFQYW9idGdPUmJSUHJFZElZdGRXR3Fpc04rZU41N1IrZz0tLXlWY2FhdldaTll1Y1AwbEpxczAxbXc9PQ==--e16599d129e829b7da7a4ca4d6c379ce72e7532b/t/sPPdN-QeUbKK9-bxtmgk/resource/work/7230460/EFFECT_OF_USING_COMMERCIAL_ENZYMES_TO_IMPROVE_DIETS_CONTAINED_PEANUT_HAY_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title

RESPONSE OF GROWING RABBITS TO DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF WHEAT SCREENING BY-PRODUCT WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION " by Ibrahim abaza

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bGpGeEkrdzZ3NE5PU2hKYUNZdmRQN1JMYjdqMU51RGc0clRmTStHTVhwbz0tLTF5bnhHY0V1TUxLNnZrR1N1WmdmVVE9PQ==--e42c63ee99bdc464d47fa63c8decab24ae97b4fb/t/sPPdN-Qc5erQc-bhct0a/resource/work/5108323/RESPONSE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS_TO_DIETS_CONTAINING_DIFFERENT_LEVELS_OF_WHEAT_SCREENING_BY_PRODUCT_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_ENZYME_SUPPLEMENTATION?email_work_card=title

EFFECT OF DIETARY CORN COBS AND ENZYMES SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWING RABBITS PERFORMANCE

https://www.academia.edu/8019560/EFFECT_OF_DIETARY_CORN_COBS_AND_ENZYMES_SUPPLEMENTATION_ON_GROWING_RABBITS_PERFORMANCE?email_work_card=title Ibrahim abaza

EFFECT OF ENZYMES AND PROBIOTIC MIXTURESUPPLEMENTATION TO THE DIET OF GROWING FEMALE RABBITS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CRITERIA" by Mohamed El-Sagheer

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bFNjQ1hweHdXMU5jZStuaTVwR0FNMEl2S2FHYzNLa2twOExReE9oeU9OVT0tLUQ5RXdoNElpYzlpUGJCK0hmMnhseVE9PQ==--05cb9b9a585550db2c1c6d59abe3c29322dc3ee1/t/sPPdN-QaMLryt-K4jEZ/resource/work/11938475/EFFECT_OF_ENZYMES_AND_PROBIOTIC_MIXTURESUPPLEMENTATION_TO_THE_DIET_OF_GROWING_FEMALE_RABBITS_ON_PERFORMANCE_AND_CARCASS_CRITERIA?email_work_card=title

Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality" by Z. Szendrő

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/ZTN1b3FROWR1aUZhWGM1Q0FJRk1XcWpSajlIRDdGUlZUakRXc21FRmxjaz0tLVNIdE1PS3ZtdnZuR1hWWm82UDg3U3c9PQ==--669990dfc647432f898e381ed8b9b41de23c78aa/t/sPPdN-QmqdKDg-bmjCCY/resource/work/13592540/Effect_of_energy_restriction_in_interaction_with_genotype_on_the_performance_of_growing_rabbits_II_Carcass_traits_and_meat_quality?email_work_card=title

Response of New Zealand Rabbits to Diet Containing Guava Waste (Psidium Guaijava L.): 1. Effect on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility and Economic Efficiency" by hadil samy

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bDBFWG8wcXl1MlBnSjlyenBnUkhKL2FZTmVnYmtyVW9vbThrWGNwaERMOD0tLXY4WWFsRlpHU0FKWVRTRTlLTmRCRnc9PQ==--6433eef0d04443b5c7e946a1c73ae59282239da3/t/sPPdN-Qmh7hzB-insEp/resource/work/27823893/Response_of_New_Zealand_Rabbits_to_Diet_Containing_Guava_Waste_Psidium_Guaijava_L_1_Effect_on_Growth_Performance_Diet_Digestibility_and_Economic_Efficiency?email_work_card=title

DOI: Response of New Zealand Rabbits to Diet Containing Guava Waste (Psidium Guaijava L.): 1. Effect on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility and Economic Efficiency" by Fathy Abdel-Fattah

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/L2g5dmN3WEx4d01hb3JHanJkL1pUQXhZSXBMd3JwczQyVGlGeUhaakFxcz0tLUFPYUloZy9HZnAzMU1wMklmcDUxcEE9PQ==--cf05b9d08abd2994dce26ca3b775a8a327b9c34f/t/sPPdN-QqEo2CE-fAfA5/resource/work/38091315/DOI_Response_of_New_Zealand_Rabbits_to_Diet_Containing_Guava_Waste_Psidium_Guaijava_L_1_Effect_on_Growth_Performance_Diet_Digestibility_and_Economic_Efficiency?email_work_card=title

INCLUSION OF DRIED AGRO-INDUSTRIAL STRAWBERRY BY- PRODUCTS IN GROWING RABBIT DIETS" by mohamed basyony

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/N0V6STlENndzVWprbmthVTJGZEtGcUVha0RzZ2dCWm5sVFZXSFI5VFRPOD0tLWMxRjUyRHpHZ2pyU0l3SGkyR2JXVGc9PQ==--bdf935bf33d5e21673da61a284addd06919e86b9/t/sPPdN-QhFdf7T-VUozM/resource/work/36496618/INCLUSION_OF_DRIED_AGRO_INDUSTRIAL_STRAWBERRY_BY_PRODUCTS_IN_GROWING_RABBIT_DIETS?email_work_card=title

Rabbit’s performance, health and meat quality improvement by phyto-additives" by Attawit Kovitvadhi

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bi8vWGZUcnVHM00zaDJSRklnOWVsV1VtMjlFQjFnQVNDN3VOUXJEQ3Z4Yz0tLXI0MndMN2J3UE8xZkNMbG5yV21YMmc9PQ==--c03893c550d192819f3dde5b88cb43c0251cfc1e/t/sPPdN-QqNsCkH-0zMCL/resource/work/19803703/Rabbit_s_performance_health_and_meat_quality_improvement_by_phyto_additives?email_work_card=title

PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS FED DIET CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TOMATO POMACE" by Mahmoud Elazab

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/eDNRMFl1YXdrb2ZTMGdxUkJTYkRTWDNzYkJoVHRVN2locDY1c3FjT3ZCcz0tLTB0R3RFeXZLNGduVlQvN2VQQ1ZaL3c9PQ==--b8af070801c6d13d7041b1060baf6b0b2f86db3f/t/sPPdN-QhbGBew-kbnLX/resource/work/35484427/PRODUCTIVE_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS_FED_DIET_CONTAINING_DIFFERENT_LEVELS_OF_TOMATO_POMACE?email_work_card=title

Growth performance, carcass quality, biochemical and haematological traits and immune response of growing rabbits as affected by different growth promoters" by Youssef Attia

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/dVhDUDgwSXFFTHo0UVBldFNXOHFQVkhsbFZnVEphQm50U1FtK1BNc2JIRT0tLXZOQUhpcFFDZ2czSndMaXZDNGVWTVE9PQ==--3f889f2926497df89c9685f9795796f88b4c76c3/t/sPPdN-Qg4y1P2-UzbBy/resource/work/21181061/Growth_performance_carcass_quality_biochemical_and_haematological_traits_and_immune_response_of_growing_rabbits_as_affected_by_different_growth_promoters?email_work_card=title

EVALUATION OF EGYPTIAN TREE WILLOW (Salix safsafs) LEAVES AND ITS FEEDING AFFECT ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS" by mohamed basyony

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/d1NVejZIa0VOYm5mUit1dG9xTVdkZ1VHOTB0QUM4aGhHS2xaTVQvcklSTT0tLS9zbXdWNDdBcXBnZFhySTA2Slhxdnc9PQ==--5649e5cdede150483096497d7b424e160c3a414a/t/sPPdN-QdV9eNq-9MtFF/resource/work/36496604/EVALUATION_OF_EGYPTIAN_TREE_WILLOW_Salix_safsafs_LEAVES_AND_ITS_FEEDING_AFFECT_ON_PRODUCTIVE_PERFORMANCE_OF_NEW_ZEALAND_WHITE_RABBITS?email_work_card=title

UTILIZATION OF Ziziphus spina-christi LEAVES AS A NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTER IN RABBIT'S RATIONS" by mohamed basyony

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/cEhlWjJsMlJyc3JCNDNVUlJUK05CaHR2V1NoYWMwVStxTlIrUWloZjEvbz0tLVZEdkJxZVYrc00zYm5aWE5kT0NTTEE9PQ==--b040db53fb351cf834d73ebd3dada957c02e4c95/t/sPPdN-Qfu5LUn-617sS/resource/work/36496613/UTILIZATION_OF_Ziziphus_spina_christi_LEAVES_AS_A_NATURAL_GROWTH_PROMOTER_IN_RABBITS_RATIONS?email_work_card=title

Effect of replacement of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) hay by berseem silage on performance of growing rabbits" by Hamed Gaafar

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/MzFNWE5hWklnWXhlcStJNExWNjBvcEhudjN1dTZNaVVjdzlnZGpyNVZnMD0tLU4veFVJRldVSElzRy9oN0k2U0tWa1E9PQ==--7562f212c75e4f5a0c8e066594e00fd0239031f2/t/sPPdN-QdyLbjc-qbmgV/resource/work/31846675/Effect_of_replacement_of_berseem_Trifolium_alexandrinum_L_hay_by_berseem_silage_on_performance_of_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title

Oil added to feed

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/7/662

Effects of Rocket Seed Oil, Wheat Germ Oil, and Their Mixture on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Digestibility, Redox Status, and Meat Fatty Acid Profile of Growing Rabbits

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/7/662

Improving the Utilization of Rabbit Diets Containing Vegetable Oil by Using Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) And Oregano (Origanum vulgare L) as Feed Additives" by dr.azza badr

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/YmlrSzU4SGRBZUJCbGViT0xjNDBZMk0vUGpVTzlFZnlWNjBtbFNSSGVMUT0tLWFlWGtLQVQycjFDSlU3ZmhTcURHdnc9PQ==--b809c3d7d0c75ba0dc95475b2ed5ba659e21e9b8/t/sPPdN-Qe1mzqP-AJQtS/resource/work/12250896/Improving_the_Utilization_of_Rabbit_Diets_Containing_Vegetable_Oil_by_Using_Fennel_Foeniculum_vulgare_And_Oregano_Origanum_vulgare_L_as_Feed_Additives?email_work_card=title

Study of the effect of grape seed extract as a natural antioxidant on the performance of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits during summer season in Egypt Fawzia A. Hassan1; Khalid M. Mahrose2 and Mohamed Basyony3" by mohamed basyony

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/Z0t1TlpMWlo4TjlkRmtURzkxY01MeWZMcEd2SmczNURyUE1GNm10Sy9jaz0tLWNBZ3pLMVZ6RDJ6dnJzeEhsRitsaGc9PQ==--3ea66988e3650ec90c1f8439baede86ffca6bf57/t/sPPdN-QdrCvu9-byFUwt/resource/work/21659194/Study_of_the_effect_of_grape_seed_extract_as_a_natural_antioxidant_on_the_performance_of_New_Zealand_White_NZW_rabbits_during_summer_season_in_Egypt_Fawzia_A_Hassan1_Khalid_M_Mahrose2_and_Mohamed_Basyony3?email_work_card=title

Cabbage

Studies since the 1920s have found that cruciferous vegetables cause thyroid problems in rabbits. I has been proven Dangerous to over feed rabbits cabbage and broccoli and bokchoy due to the negative effects on the Thyroid gland.

2016 Studies on Simple Goiter Produced by Cabbage and Other Vegetables.

David Marine, Emil J. Baumann, and Anna CipraView all authors and affiliations Volume 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-26-4535 Abstract

Chesney, Webster and Clawson,, have shown that when fresh cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is fed to rabbits as the principal food, clinically detectable thyroid hyperplasia occurs in 2 or 3 months, and with continued cabbage feeding 
very large goiters (up to 45 gm.) have been produced. They further showed that the development of goiter was associated with a lowering of the metabolism and that the administration of small amounts of iodine readily raises the  
metabolic rate in goiterous rabbits and prevents thyroid hyperplasia. In these respects, as well as histologically, the thyroid hyperplasia produced by feeding cabbage is identical with that of simple or endemic goiter. We have  
confirmed these findings. Boiling or steaming cabbage for 30 minutes increases its capacity to produce thyroid hyperplasia. Steaming for 15 minutes is less effective and steaming for 60 minutes renders it neither more nor less 
potent than for 30 minutes.  Steamed cabbage from which 60% of the weight is removed as press juice is practically as effective as whole cabbage when fed in calori-equivalent amounts. Hashed fresh cabbage has very little capacity 
to produce thyroid  hyperplasia, while hashed steamed cabbage fully retains this quality. In our hands the press juice of 500 gm. of steamed cabbage (300 cc.) when fed daily to rabbits whether whole or concentrated in vacuo was 
only slightly  effective. Rabbits previously iodized and fed with fresh cabbage up to 75 calories per kg. per day (3 gm. of cabbage are equivalent to approximately 1 calorie) developed palpable thyroids in about 30 days, while 
with the same amount of  steamed cabbage only 10 to 15 days were necessary. The lowering of the metabolic rate to the thyroidectomy level (from about 2.4 to 1.75 calories per kg. per hour) would also occur in about half the time 
required if fresh cabbage  were used.

conclusion

Although cabbage is an excellent food for rabbits it is evident that it contains a powerful goitrogenic agent which can be destroyed by enzymes existing in the plant and which can be preserved for many days when these enzymes 
are destroyed by heat. Like other goitrogenic agents it exhausts the thyroxine store in the thyroid and hyperplasia follow's when this exhaustion reaches the critical level. The thyroid hyperplasia is therefore due immediately 
to a relative deficiency of iodine and an iodine store sufficient to maintain normal thyroid structure for from 3 to 6 months may be exhausted in 2 weeks by feeding steamed cabbage. The possibility that the thyroid hyperplasia 
due to feeding cabbage is dependent upon an absolute iodine deficiency can be dismissed. The mode of action of this goiterogenic agent is unknown, although the data available suggest that it acts by depressing some oxidation 
system which the thyroid attempts to overcome. 

https://sci-hub.se/10.3181/00379727-26-4535

2015 Efficacy of the Cruciferous Vegetable on the Thyroid Gland and the Gonads in Rabbits

http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/files/Nexus_AAVS_Nexus_611_Abdul-Aziz.pdf

Abstract |

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the thyroid glands and the gonads of rabbits after eating the cruciferous vegetable. The animals divided into three equal groups (eight mature female, mature male and eight of 
their kits for each group). The first group was fed normal vegetable, the second group was fed cruciferous vegetable for two days followed by normal food at third day and persisted for one month, while were estimated. The 
triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were determined in the serum. Results show the effects of the cruciferous vegetable were increased the thyrocytes height and number, vacuolation of the sytoplasm and decreases of the 
follicular colloid and the follicular size, in addition to decreases in T3 and T4 hormones in the serum. The activities of thyroid gland and in turn adversely affects the effectiveness of the male and female gonads in addition to 
its impact on young. 

conclusion

In conclusion, the cruciferous vegetable can make
hypothyroidism in rabbit which resulting hypertrophy and in kits hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, in addition to the effects the male and female gonads function. 

• Editor | Kuldeep Dhama, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Received | January 14, 2015; Revised | February 14, 2015; Accepted | February 15, 2015; Published | February 21, 2015
• Correspondence | Khalid Kamil Kadhim, University of Baghdad, Iraq; Email: khalidkamkad@yahoo.com
• Citation | Abdul-Aziz A, Kadhim KK (2015). Efficacy of the cruciferous vegetable on the thyroid gland and the gonads in rabbits. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3(3): 183-191.
• DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.3.183.191
• ISSN (Online) | 2307-8316; ISSN (Print) | 2309-3331

Copyright © 2015 Abdul-Aziz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1930 THE OCCURRENCE OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE GOITER OF RABBITS PRODUCED BY FEEDING CABBAGE

BY BRUCE WEBSTER,* M.D., DAVID MARINE, M.D., AND ANNA CIPRA From the Department of Medicine of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Laboratory Division, Montefiore Hospital, New" York Received for publication, July 23, 1930 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-26-4535

Wire caging and flooring

http://shinysatins.weebly.com/wire-floor-research.html

Will need each study linked here in case shiny stains ever goes down ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617535/

Trancing

After reviewing multiple papers the concussions I have drawn are, Hypnosis , and Tonic immobility are not the same thing as Calming inversion or the Roll used by Rabbit, Breeders , Judges and handlers .

In multiple studies it has been stated that in order to "induce" Tonic immobility or trancing, a rabbit had to either either be Violently slammed and than be restrained on it's back by applying pressure to neck and chest, or flipping completely prostrate and have pressure applied to neck and chest. The common dementor being "pressure applied to Thorax" . more current studies who simply rolled the rabbit in the standard exam position concluded that in the vast majority of cases the rabbits cortisol was much lower then the rabbits examed in the standard upright position. The earlier studies from the 1970's focused on fear response and were specifically trying to induce a fear based state. This honestly tainted any results and opinions surrounding where simply rolling a rabbit was actually damaging to it. as evidenced anecdotally by the millions of rabbits a year who are shown in ARBA sanctioned events where a judge rolling a rabbit on it's back to do a health exam of every rabbit on the table has shown us , it is not the case that rabbits are any more stressed or in any danger. House Rabbit Society, PeTA and AR activists have pushed for years that the act of flipping a rabbit over will kill it or cause it to have a heart attack. I this was the case the death rate at ARBA convention would be extremely high, just this year in 2023, 24,000 rabbits were judged at our 100th convention and zero died from being examined. I would expect if the claims were true , the act of flipping a rabbit on it's back would not be part of the regular judging and exam process.

2021 Effect of tonic immobility induction on selected physiological parameters in Oryctolagus cuniculus f. Domesticus rabbits: 2021

January 2021 Medycyna Weterynaryjna https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350946951_Effect_of_tonic_immobility_induction_on_selected_physiological_parameters_in_Oryctolagus_cuniculus_f_Domesticus_rabbits

" Tonic immobility (TI) is a phenomenon known as thanatosis or apparent death. The phenomenon can be induced in many ways. It occurs, for example, in the presence of a hazard, as a result of coercion through an unnatural body position or as a result of administration of certain medicines. TI is sometimes used in veterinary practice to tame patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of tonic immobility induction on selected physiological parameters in Oryctolagus cuniculus f. Domesticus rabbits. The study included 20 healthy rabbits, patients of a veterinary clinic, divided into two groups of 10 individuals. In the study group, TI was induced to conduct a standard clinical trial, while the control group were subjected to a standard clinical trial without TI. Heart rate, respiratory rate, pupil diameter and blood glucose concentration were measured in all animals. The measurements were performed three times: after the patient’s arrival at the clinic, after a detailed clinical examination in a normal or tonic immobility position and 15 minutes after the end of the examination. Additionally, the blood cortisol concentration was measured twice: on arrival at the clinic and at the end of the clinical trial. The results of the experiment show that miniature rabbits feel less stress during tonic immobility testing than rabbits in the standing position, and therefore this phenomenon should be used for taming animals. "

RWAF .actually supports flipping them.

Assuming people read PAST the first few paragraphs from their Facebook post where they cite the McBride notes and a half page blurb from Sally Everett that was found as Appendix 3 in a text book and also was inconclusive. that was also inconclusive, RWAF wrote in reference to the Medycyna Weterynaryjna research :

.." The new paper is specifically about rabbits in a veterinary clinic setting. It shows that heart and respiratory rates stay the same or increase in rabbits when they are examined on their fronts, but decrease when they are examined on their backs. Pupil size, another measure of stress, increases when examined on their fronts, but not their backs. Blood glucose remained at a very similar level throughout in both groups. Blood cortisol goes up with handling in both groups, but increases less in those on their backs than their fronts. Rabbits entering a vet clinic are, by definition, already very stressed, so the baseline here is somewhat skewed (this is not a criticism of the paper, just an observation), with heart rates and, in particular, respiratory rates, well above those commonly suggested as "normal".

In summary, during TI in this study: • Heart and breathing rate drop • Pupil size decreases • Glucose does not significantly change • Cortisol increases (but less than during examination on their fronts) • There is no suggestion that there is any kind of “natural” pain relief induced by TI. • These are averages, and some rabbits show very different responses to others. Conclusions we can draw from this: • The changes seen during TI are not those of a "fight or flight" response. • Some rabbits respond with decreases in signs, some with increases, suggesting different individual susceptibilities. • We cannot say if a rabbit "likes" being turned on its back. • The decrease in heart and respiratory rate suggest lowered physiological stress but this doesn’t necessarily equal less emotional stress. And the main concern: there is a difference between lying on their back and “true” TI. Different ways to hold and restrain rabbits have different effects and may induce TI or may not. In her social media posts on this, Dr Harcourt-Brown mentions this too, drawing a distinction between TI and trancing. The author describes carefully putting rabbits into a position on their backs, which is how Dr Harcourt-Brown also puts it. The exact nature of the difference needs further exploration, with some suggestions previously that where rabbits have had TI used in the past are more susceptible to it in future, and whether there is an element of "learned helplessness" present in at least some cases. This study was limited to a veterinary clinic setting. As vets, we need to incorporate these results into a contextualised care approach, and consider: • Why we are doing it, for example to facilitate a life-saving diagnostic or therapeutic procedure like obtaining an x-ray. • If the position is appropriate. For example, it is a good position to take a urine sample from the bladder but not for syringe feeding because of aspiration risk. • How are we are lying them on their backs, and that it is in a stable and supported way. • Whether we are inducing a physiologically relaxed response or inducing a state where the rabbit is tense and poising to jump up and run for its life. • If it is appropriate for that rabbit. While the rabbits in this study appear to undergo a relaxation response, not all rabbits will do that. If the technique doesn’t work for an individual rabbit, there could be serious consequences if they jump and twist. • That there is no suggestion that this process has any analgesic benefit at all. The only conclusions we can draw from this study are limited to a veterinary clinic setting and our advice for rabbits in all other settings remains the same. The RWAF aims to give the most up-to-date care advice for rabbits. As they are studied more, there is more evidence, and our advice may therefore change in response.

Richard Saunders (he/him) BSc (Hons) BVSc FRSB CBiol DZooMed (Mammalian) DipECZM(ZHM) MRCVS

Rabbit Welfare Association and Fund Veterinary Advisor"

2014 Dorsal immobility response in rabbits, Appendix note

Author: Sally Everitt From: BSAVA Manual of Rabbit Medicine Item: Appendix 3, pp 320 - 320 DOI: 10.22233/9781910443217.app3 Copyright: © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association Publication Date: February 2014 https://www.bsavalibrary.com/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443217.app3

While this attempts to define the state which as it even acknowledges may be one of several different states it is overall inconclusive and the wildly parroted claims that the processes of simply flipping a rabbit on it's back creates such an extreme fear response as to CAUSE pain, or CAUSE a heart attack and death are wildly misrepresented.

the entire blurb:

2006 Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear?

https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11361/ McBride, E.A., Day, S., McAdie, Tina M., Meredith, A., Barley, J., Hickman, J. and Lawes, L. (2006) Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear? In: Proceedings of the VDWE International Congress on Companion Animal Behavior and Welfare. Flemish Veterinary Association, pp. 135-137. ISBN 90801104411

"Physiological measures included respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and plasma corticosterone levels which were recorded immediately prior to TI induction, upon TI termination and 15 minutes following TI termination. Behavioral measures included latency and duration of TI episodes as well as movement and frequencies of behaviors recorded during ten minute pre- and post-TI observation periods. Six New Zealand White rabbits were used, 2 entire females and 4 entire males. They were divided into two groups of one male and two females. Each rabbit acted as its own control in two TI trials, one trial to record behavioral measures and one for physiological measures." "Blood pressure measures showed considerable variation and no consistent pattern was observed."

1977 Old study: LIMBIC MODULATION OF CONTACT DEFENSIVE IMMOBILITY ("ANIMAL HYPNOSIS")

-Michael Woodruff-

this study that many animal welfare agencies still parrot as valid has been debunked due to it's methodology, and rabbits rolled on their back are done so in a controlled manner for show, grooming and veterinary examination. The rabbits in this study were rapidly slammed there backs in a trough, and them forcibly held down for 15 second with the researcher's hand around their throat. The point of this study was to induce fear in the rabbit to induce the state of tonic immobility. later studies have shown simple rolling a rabbit on it's back actually calms it.

https://www.academia.edu/35547602/LIMBIC_MODULATION_OF_CONTACT_DEFENSIVE_IMMOBILITY_ANIMAL_HYPNOSIS_?source=swp_share

Preoperative

Behavioral Testing Each rabbit was subjected to an immobiliza-tion test session prior to implantation of recording electrodes. The rabbit was transported from the colony room to the test room in a large box. The rabbit was taken from the transport box and placed in an upright position in a wooden V-shaped trough as previously described (Woodruff et al., 1975). Immobility was induced 15 sec later by rapidly inverting the rabbit and forcibly re-straining it in the inverted position by pressing the thorax with one hand. After 15 sec had elapsed, the hand was slowly with drawn and a clock started to time the duration of the response. If the rabbit did not become immobile within 15 sec, it was

allowed to right itself and remain in the upright position for an additional 15 sec before another trial commenced. Three consecutive induction trials were given in this manner.

Tonic immobility in rabbits is pretty much stated as fact , but finding any studies that actually prove flipping them over induces that state are hard to come by. it is generally understood as meaning the animal has to be physically incapable of movement, but obviously in real life, rabbits are able to flip themselves back over. that said , the study this was taken from was a single study done in the 70's where 12 rabbits were studied by being put into induced "tonic immobility" ie "trancing". by being SLAMMED into trays on there backs. The process of flipping a rabbit onto it's back .. did not cause it to be tranced.. the action of SLAMMING IT VIOLENTLY into a hard surface and forcibly restraining it buy grabbing it neck did.. knocking the wind out of it and stunning it.. yet THAT is the study that is parroted by HRS.

1975 Old study using same abusive methodology to induce TI state: Cholinergic Modulation of Tonic Immobility in the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

-Michael Woodruff - 1975, Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology

Cholinergic Modulation of Tonic Immobility in the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

HEAT RELATED

Study on the Optimal Crude Papaya Latex Content of Growing Rabbit Diet under Summer Conditions: Effects on Growth Performance and Immune Status" by Khaled ElKholy

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/RVJicGJIVENSckhzcFBLckhUckEwbTlYOTFkUm1MeCsvL1RkOVBPeG1pbz0tLWRaTlZFY29iRVFVS1M3bFVrRzdHRkE9PQ==--379d908fdea7241251ded5ae5f2a71a0af1d0534/t/sPPdN-QdN4Bnz-zQ3xf/resource/work/5750569/Study_on_the_Optimal_Crude_Papaya_Latex_Content_of_Growing_Rabbit_Diet_under_Summer_Conditions_Effects_on_Growth_Performance_and_Immune_Status?email_work_card=title

Influence of elevated ambient temperature upon some physiological measurements of New Zealand White rabbits" by Ahmed Alhaidary

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/OFZ4ZFdoczZ6VFUrM0xmelZLSWFRZ2lKQWppUXdDYWRkK1BXMmduTUJNYz0tLWYwRlpic3RMeUh1RWdiVUZOOUhnMGc9PQ==--f80d84edfe191b23f2fdc4e020726ec7ed8dc6a4/t/sPPdN-Qctz1vp-4sY6r/resource/work/27981465/Influence_of_elevated_ambient_temperature_upon_some_physiological_measurements_of_New_Zealand_White_rabbits?email_work_card=title

Evaluation of Using Honey, Cool Water and Levamisole against Heat Stress on Different Traits of Rabbits under Egyptian Summer Conditions" by World's Veterinary Journal Editor

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/YjVWSklTK05ZMlN1NEc2TE9sYmFnZG9LZFpKQ0dEbys4cGFIK2g2c2xlND0tLTZxOVhOQjBrSTJyLzNmLzBXUTNPY1E9PQ==--55859fd219a9b4e60f8bd2add39044d808301800/t/sPPdN-QewNEC4-t31ks/resource/work/26061042/Evaluation_of_Using_Honey_Cool_Water_and_Levamisole_against_Heat_Stress_on_Different_Traits_of_Rabbits_under_Egyptian_Summer_Conditions?email_work_card=title

To cite this paper: El Saidy NR., Allam FE, Balabel TM and El-Midany SA (2016). Evaluation of Using Honey, Cool Water and Levamisole against Heat Stress onDifferent Traits of Rabbits under Egyptian Summer Conditions. World's Vet. J.(1): 10-18.Journal homepage: http://wvj.science-line.com/ © 2016, Science line Publication World’s Veterinary Journal World Vet J, 6(1): 10-18, March 25, 2016 ISSN 2322-4568

Evaluation of Using Honey, Cool Water and Levamisole against HeatStress on Different Traits of Rabbits under Egyptian Summer Conditions Nagham Rafeek El Saidy, Fatma, El-Sayed Allam, Tarek Mousa Balabel and Sami Abdel-Aziz El-Midany Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt.Post Graduate Student at Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt. Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Animal Behavior and Welfare), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt.

• Corresponding author’s Email: nagham.elsaidy@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted in order to estimate the impact of using honey in drinking water, drinking cool water andLevamisole injection as alleviated tools of heat stress on White New Zealand rabbits under Egyptian summer conditions. 40 sexually mature White New Zealand rabbits contained 36 does with an average age of 15-20 (18±2)weeks and nearly similar body weight of 2 kg and 4 fertile bucks with an average age of 24 weeks and average weight of 2.5 kg were used in this experiment. They were allocated into four groups each containing 9 does and 1buck. Group I was kept as a control without any treatment, group II received honey 20 ml/l on drinking water, group III drank cold water with a temperature ranged from 16-200C and group IV received a single dose of subcutaneous Levamisole injection (2 mg/kg BW). Results showed that most of performance, reproductive and physiological parameters of examined rabbits were significantly decreased by heat stress under Egyptian summer conditions. However, treated groups showed improved traits on most examined parameters comparing with control group. Among the treated groups, the one treated with honey expressed significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight, bodyweight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, water consumption, conception rate, litter size and weight, milk yield, economic efficiency, rectal temperature, hematological parameters and some serum biochemical parameters. On the other hand, the group which received cool water showed the best records for decreased levels of serum urea, creatine and respiratory rate. In conclusion, it is clear that heat stress has negative effects on reproductive and physiological traits of growing rabbits with drawing attention toward the importance of using alleviating methods for mitigating the negative effects of heat stress especially by using honey and drinking cool water. Key words:

Heat stress, Honey, Cool water, Levamisole, Rabbit traits

notes : From these results, it could be concluded that the adverse impact of exposure of growing rabbits to severe heat stress under the warm subtropical environmental conditions of Egypt could be mitigated through addition of honey to drinking water also via drinking cool water. This could minimize reproductive losses, as they have positive effect on rabbit's reproductive traits via increase conception rate, litter weight at birth, kits body weight at weaning and weight gain and milk yield. On other hand, decrease fetal losses .Furthermore, improve most of rabbit's performance traits.

Genetics and Cross Breeding

Crossbreeding experiments on meat rabbits in Northern Mediterranean Countries: a survey" by Giorgio Masoero

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/K3RhcDVocnhyWHZhQStkc1pOaTB3dkI5bGpJalViay83bnErZFlyQWI1VT0tLTVCTDU2cFJ3N1JoZXhsc2JzVmtVRFE9PQ==--55661456d9ff5c6162231b9ca51700549fa19664/t/sPPdN-Qehxh4g-Drozi/resource/work/19291048/Crossbreeding_experiments_on_meat_rabbits_in_Northern_Mediterranean_Countries_a_survey?email_work_card=title

bulk dump so sort through :

An edition of Standard of perfection for rabbits, cavies, mice, rats, skin and fur bearing animals (1920)

Standard of perfection for rabbits, cavies, mice, rats, skin and fur bearing animals. by American Rabbit Breeders Association https://openlibrary.org/works/OL13846046W/Standard_of_perfection_for_rabbits_cavies_mice_rats_skin_and_fur_bearing_animals?edition=ia%3Astandardofperfec00amer

An edition of Standard of perfection for cavies .. (1922)

Standard of perfection for cavies by United cavy breeders association, inc https://openlibrary.org/works/OL13846011W/Standard_of_perfection_for_cavies_..?edition=ia%3Astandardofperfec00unit

Productive performance carcass traits and some physiological changes in rabbits Fed on acacia desert plants

lamiaa asal https://www.academia.edu/7232224/Productive_performance_carcass_traits_and_some_physiological_changes_in_rabbits_Fed_on_acacia_desert_plants?email_work_card=title

2002 - Berchiche et Kadi - CIHEAM - Kabyle rabbit  : Rabbit genetic resources in Mediterranean countries

https://www.academia.edu/27542137/2002_Berchiche_et_Kadi_CIHEAM_Kabyle_rabbit?email_work_card=title

Productive and physiological responses of growing rabbits to dietary organic chromium addition " by Khaled ElKholy

https://www.academia.edu/keypass/ODhGUmJ5bWNYbTVkd001QVo4dlJkWDkrSUloTWQ2T3lOdEFKMEVLaW1kOD0tLTNsM1hZK3JmaUJjQndmcURYMDBCSnc9PQ==--6932f7d9a99480c24fbfff32eea584a3d492f60b/t/sPPdN-QbCFcV8-bkc1x/resource/work/5992468/Productive_and_physiological_responses_of_growing_rabbits_to_dietary_organic_chromium_addition?email_work_card=title

EFFECT OF USING SOME LOCAL SOURCES OF PROTEIN ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS" by Ibrahim abaza

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Additional energy supplements in the diet for growing rabbits" by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyat

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Rabbits Productive, Reproductive and Physiological Traits as Affected by Drinking Saline Water: A Review" by Dr Khalid Mahrose

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Evidence-Based Rabbit Housing and Nutrition

https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.cvex.2017.04.006 CURRENTLY REVIEWING.

drop all links under review here

Rabbit pain scale and related articles :

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230834598_Evaluation_of_EMLA_Cream_for_Preventing_Pain_during_Tattooing_of_Rabbits_Changes_in_Physiological_Behavioural_and_Facial_Expression_Responses

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8195426/#:~:text=The%20Rabbit%20Grimace%20Scale%20(RbtGS,and%202%20is%20extreme%20pain.

The Rabbit Grimace Scale (RbtGS) is a pain scale specifically designed for rabbits [4]. The RbtGS relies on five facial indicators (Orbital tightening, Cheek flattening, Nostril shape, Whisker shape and position, and Ear shape and position) each on a 0–2 scale; where 0 is no pain and 2 is extreme pain. The RbtGS is easy to use, although some of the facial indicators such as whisker position may be difficult to assess [5]. Moreover, it has been developed based on a breed of straight-eared rabbits, common in laboratories. This can be a limiting factor when used in a clinical setting as lop-eared rabbits currently comprise the majority of the cases treated in UK veterinary practices [6].

4.Keating SCJ, Thomas AA, Flecknell PA, Leach MC. Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits: Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses. Plos One. 2012;7(9):11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044437

5.Hedenqvist P, Trbakovic A, Thor A, Ley C, Ekman S, Jensen-Waern M. Carprofen neither reduces postoperative facial expression scores in rabbits treated with buprenorphine nor alters long term bone formation after maxillary sinus grafting. Research in Veterinary Science. 2016;107:123–31. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.05.010

6. O’Neill DG, Craven HC, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, Hedley J. Morbidity and mortality of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under primary veterinary care in England. Veterinary Record. 2020;186(14):8. doi: 10.1136/vr.105592

The development and use of facial grimace scales for pain measurement in animals Jeffrey S Mogil et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Sep.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32682741/

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews Volume 116, September 2020, Pages 480-493 The development and use of facial grimace scales for pain measurement in animals Author links open overlay panelJeffrey S. Mogil a, Daniel S.J. Pang b, Gabrielle Guanaes Silva Dutra a, Christine T. Chambers c a Depts. of Psychology and Anesthesia, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada b Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada c Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Received 10 April 2020, Revised 25 June 2020, Accepted 14 July 2020, Available online 16 July 2020, Version of Record 24 July 2020

links to all studies where pain scale used

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3263 Anthropomorphism and Its Adverse Effects on the Distress and Welfare of Companion Animals

https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/research/projects/isc/shapinginterspeciesconnectedness/interspeciesconnectedness/news/blog?newsItem=8a1785d76b2d9d33016b4109d06c1d58 https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/BTEC-Higher-Nationals/Animal-Management/2018/specification-sample-assessment/btec-hn-animal-management-specification.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339129322_Physical_and_chemical_characteristics_of_rabbit_complete_pellet_feed_containing_different_level_of_leucaena_leaf_meal

https://www.biologycorner.com/2020/03/19/genetics-lop-ears/ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jeb.12938 https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/28/6/1801/1066858 https://faculty.uca.edu/benw/biol1400/practiceprobsans.htm https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/373/htm https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065266008600966

CAN'T FIND IT.. HA SA PAYWALL

https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-access-ScienceDirect-research-papers-without-paying https://sci-hub.se

researchers who's methodology has been called into question

Michael Woodruff (inducting immobility through abuse)

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dump of comments to be expanded on in own articles:

..... rabbit on a protein deprivation diet.... then you leech out what little is left with too much hay and peas.....

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/SELF-SUSTAINING-RABBIT-PROJECTS-%3A-A-PILOT-STUDY-OF-Lukefahr-Schuster/83afd5140b3a3ca5111431653f9ab1b5caab62af

Carmel https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27529988/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555282/