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| French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE) | INRAE · Tissus Animaux, Nutrition, Digestion, Ecosystème et Métabolisme (TANDEM) | | French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE) | INRAE · Tissus Animaux, Nutrition, Digestion, Ecosystème et Métabolisme (TANDEM) |
| Ingénieur Agronome ENSA Grignon | | Ingénieur Agronome ENSA Grignon |
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| === 1991 Anti-nutritional factors, the potential risks of toxicity and methods to alleviate them===
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| by R. Kumar
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| INTRODUCTION
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| The anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) may be defined as those substances generated in natural feed stuffs by the normal metabolism of species and by different mechanisms (e.g., inactivation of some nutrients, diminution of the digestive process or metabolic utilization of feed) which exert effects contrary to optimum nutrition. Being an ANF is not an intrinsic characteristic of a compound but depends upon the digestive process of the ingesting animal. Trypsin inhibitors, which are ANFs for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen (Cheeke and Shull, 1985).
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| The utility of the leaves, pods and edible twigs of shrubs and trees as animal feed is limited by the presence of ANFs. The raison d'être of ANFs in plants seems to be as a way of storing nutrient or as a means of defending their structure and reproductive elements (Harborne, 1989). In fact, plants contain thousand of compounds which, depending upon the situations, can have beneficial or deleterious effects on organisms consuming them. These compounds, with the exception of nutrients, are referred to as ‘allelochemicals’ (Rosenthal and Janzen, 1979). ANFs may be regarded as a class of these compounds, which are generally not lethal. They diminish animal productivity but may also cause toxicity during periods of scarcity or confinement when the feed rich in these substances is consumed by animals in large quantities.
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| https://www.fao.org/3/T0632E/T0632E10.htm?fbclid=IwAR2ihLLGXucGo66Ya5hK5TnCuUj9g1snVJjQPV_g4UUmhX1tIQu_IeQ-6bE
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| https://www.fao.org/3/T0632E/T0632E00.htm#TOC
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