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Drop links here  with brief description.
Drop links here  with brief description.
https://www.facebook.com/RabbitResearch?mibextid=ZbWKwL




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https://www.academia.edu/keypass/cXB4T0V3WGRoN25VRlhPRGZBWHdZY05NNGlWMUxVWDZHSGRiWjBWTEhLQT0tLWV2MERGdUNIams2SUtINEtCaW9Nenc9PQ==--655158b38adde0b05bd4b67e88c8cc60718f28c4/t/sPPdN-QrcBT6s-sfvjo/resource/work/27578695/New_perspectives_in_rearing_systems_for_rabbit_does?email_work_card=title
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/cXB4T0V3WGRoN25VRlhPRGZBWHdZY05NNGlWMUxVWDZHSGRiWjBWTEhLQT0tLWV2MERGdUNIams2SUtINEtCaW9Nenc9PQ==--655158b38adde0b05bd4b67e88c8cc60718f28c4/t/sPPdN-QrcBT6s-sfvjo/resource/work/27578695/New_perspectives_in_rearing_systems_for_rabbit_does?email_work_card=title


=== 2018 Rabbit sperm  (Blog) Not Easter bunnies or hares, but rabbit reproduction and sperm : Prof Gerhard van der Horst (PhD, PhD) ===
===Rabbit sperm  (Blog) Not Easter bunnies or hares, but rabbit reproduction and sperm===
Prof Gerhard van der Horst (PhD, PhD)
Senior Consultant
MICROPTIC S.L.
https://www.micropticsl.com/rabbit-blog/
https://www.micropticsl.com/rabbit-blog/


===Neutering of pet rabbits. Whitehead, M. L. (2017) === Veterinary Record, 180(8), 204.1–205. doi:10.1136/vr.j826  .
https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/vr.j826
===response :Neutering of pet rabbits. Frances Harcourt-Brown (2017)===. Veterinary Record, 180(15), 385–386. doi:10.1136/vr.j1812


==Skull Shape, Maloculsion. Dentition==
==Skull Shape, Maloculsion. Dentition==
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233758/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233758/


<blockquote><p>Abstract
Abstract
Acquired dental problems are among the most frequently encountered diseases in pet rabbits. However, early symptoms are often overlooked because the affected animals first appear completely asymptomatic. Alterations from anatomical reference lines according to Böhmer and Crossley applied to standard skull X-ray images, have been shown to be indicative of tooth health problems in pet rabbits. Despite its proven usefulness, there are exceptions in which the anatomical reference lines appear not to be suitable for application. We addressed this issue by quantifying the cranial morphology of a large data set of pet rabbit patients (N = 80). The results of the morphometric analyses revealed considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbits, but variance in only a few parameters influences the applicability of the anatomical reference lines. The most substantial parameter is the palatal angle. Specimens in which the anatomical reference lines could not be applied, have a rather large angle between the skull base and the palatal bone. We recommend to measure the palatal angle before applying the anatomical reference lines for objective interpretation of dental disease. Pet rabbits with a palatal angle larger than 18.8° are not strictly suitable for the successful application of the anatomical reference lines.
Acquired dental problems are among the most frequently encountered diseases in pet rabbits. However, early symptoms are often overlooked because the affected animals first appear completely asymptomatic. Alterations from anatomical reference lines according to Böhmer and Crossley applied to standard skull X-ray images, have been shown to be indicative of tooth health problems in pet rabbits. Despite its proven usefulness, there are exceptions in which the anatomical reference lines appear not to be suitable for application. We addressed this issue by quantifying the cranial morphology of a large data set of pet rabbit patients (N = 80). The results of the morphometric analyses revealed considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbits, but variance in only a few parameters influences the applicability of the anatomical reference lines. The most substantial parameter is the palatal angle. Specimens in which the anatomical reference lines could not be applied, have a rather large angle between the skull base and the palatal bone. We recommend to measure the palatal angle before applying the anatomical reference lines for objective interpretation of dental disease. Pet rabbits with a palatal angle larger than 18.8° are not strictly suitable for the successful application of the anatomical reference lines.


Keywords: Lagomorpha; evolution; geometric morphometrics; malocclusion; masticatory apparatus; pathology; teeth.</blockquote><p>
Keywords: Lagomorpha; evolution; geometric morphometrics; malocclusion; masticatory apparatus; pathology; teeth.


Notes:
Notes:
<blockquote><p>Conclusions
Conclusions
The present study showed that there is considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbit (of no specific breed). The domestication of rabbits—most likely with a single origin from wild populations of France [56,57,58]—has led to a very high phenotypic diversity with more than 200 breeds recognized worldwide [57]. The morphological variation is reflected in a wide variety of commercial and laboratory uses. Nevertheless, the applicability of the occlusal reference line is not significantly influenced by variance in parameters such as the length of the maxillary molar row or of the palatal bone. It is slightly affected by the caudal height of the nasal bone and the cranial length to height ratio. In pet rabbits with a rather high caudal nose and a short skull in relation to their skull height, the occlusal reference line is not always applicable. However, these parameters explain only partially why in some cases the occlusal reference line cannot be applied. The most substantial parameter that allows to predict if the occlusal reference line is applicable or not is the palatal angle. If the angle between the skull base and the palatal bone is larger than 18.8°, the occlusal plane of the molars is shifted outside the occlusal reference line. In these cases, they are not suitable for successful objective interpretation of norm- and malocclusion.</blockquote><p>
The present study showed that there is considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbit (of no specific breed). The domestication of rabbits—most likely with a single origin from wild populations of France [56,57,58]—has led to a very high phenotypic diversity with more than 200 breeds recognized worldwide [57]. The morphological variation is reflected in a wide variety of commercial and laboratory uses. Nevertheless, the applicability of the occlusal reference line is not significantly influenced by variance in parameters such as the length of the maxillary molar row or of the palatal bone. It is slightly affected by the caudal height of the nasal bone and the cranial length to height ratio. In pet rabbits with a rather high caudal nose and a short skull in relation to their skull height, the occlusal reference line is not always applicable. However, these parameters explain only partially why in some cases the occlusal reference line cannot be applied. The most substantial parameter that allows to predict if the occlusal reference line is applicable or not is the palatal angle. If the angle between the skull base and the palatal bone is larger than 18.8°, the occlusal plane of the molars is shifted outside the occlusal reference line. In these cases, they are not suitable for successful objective interpretation of norm- and malocclusion.


=== 2018 Developmental pathways of periodontal tissue regeneration: Developmental diversities of tooth morphogenesis do also map capacity of periodontal tissue regeneration?===
=== 2018 Developmental pathways of periodontal tissue regeneration: Developmental diversities of tooth morphogenesis do also map capacity of periodontal tissue regeneration?===
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606619/


<blockquote><p>Abstract:
Abstract:
In contrast to wild lagomorphs, pet rabbits exhibit a noticeably high frequency of dental problems. Although dietary habits are considered as a major factor contributing to acquired malocclusions, the exact causes and interrelationships are still under debate. In this regard, an important aspect that has not been considered thoroughly to date is the effect of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in skull morphology. Therefore, we conducted a geometric morphometric analysis on skull radiological images of wild and pet rabbits in order to quantify intraspecific variation in craniomandibular morphology. The statistical analyses reveal a significant morphological differentiation of the craniomandibular system between both groups. Furthermore, the analysis of covariance shows that the force-generating modules (cranium and mandible) vary independently from the force-receiving module (hypselodont teeth) in pet rabbits, which is in contrast to their wild relatives. Our findings suggest that the phenotypic changes in domestic rabbits impact mastication performance and, consequently, oral health. An adequate close-to-nature nutrition throughout the whole life and especially beginning early parallel to weaning (phase of increased phenotypic plasticity) is necessary to ensure a normal strain on the teeth by promoting physiological lateral gliding movements and avoiding direct axial loads.
In contrast to wild lagomorphs, pet rabbits exhibit a noticeably high frequency of dental problems. Although dietary habits are considered as a major factor contributing to acquired malocclusions, the exact causes and interrelationships are still under debate. In this regard, an important aspect that has not been considered thoroughly to date is the effect of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in skull morphology. Therefore, we conducted a geometric morphometric analysis on skull radiological images of wild and pet rabbits in order to quantify intraspecific variation in craniomandibular morphology. The statistical analyses reveal a significant morphological differentiation of the craniomandibular system between both groups. Furthermore, the analysis of covariance shows that the force-generating modules (cranium and mandible) vary independently from the force-receiving module (hypselodont teeth) in pet rabbits, which is in contrast to their wild relatives. Our findings suggest that the phenotypic changes in domestic rabbits impact mastication performance and, consequently, oral health. An adequate close-to-nature nutrition throughout the whole life and especially beginning early parallel to weaning (phase of increased phenotypic plasticity) is necessary to ensure a normal strain on the teeth by promoting physiological lateral gliding movements and avoiding direct axial loads.


Keywords: masticatory apparatus, axial load, malocclusion, reference lines, Lagomorpha, evolutionary morphology, phenotypic plasticity</blockquote><p>
Keywords: masticatory apparatus, axial load, malocclusion, reference lines, Lagomorpha, evolutionary morphology, phenotypic plasticity


notes:
notes:


<blockquote><p>"Free living rabbits also strip bark off trees with their incisors and chew it just as they nibble at delicate roots. In addition to that, animals with a healthy dentition grind their incisors and cheek teeth periodically which is called “thegosis” or “bruxism”. These planning jaw movements occur in the absence of food and help to maintain a physiological length and shape of the teeth. Thegosis is seen predominantly when rabbits are at rest [62]. Rabbits with a malocclusion, however, often avoid these special jaw movements due to dental pain. Elongated clinical crowns of both the incisors and cheek teeth are a consequence of this."
"Free living rabbits also strip bark off trees with their incisors and chew it just as they ribble at delicate roots. In addition to that, animals with a healthy dentition grind their incisors and cheek teeth periodically which is called “thegosis” or “bruxism”. These planning jaw movements occur in the absence of food and help to maintain a physiological length and shape of the teeth. Thegosis is seen predominantly when rabbits are at rest [62]. Rabbits with a malocclusion, however, often avoid these special jaw movements due to dental pain. Elongated clinical crowns of both the incisors and cheek teeth are a consequence of this."


"In summary, this suggests that in grazing wild rabbits cheek teeth are strained primarily in a laterorostral direction while shear forces on the interlocked enamel crests dominate and there is only a small amount of axial load on the cheek teeth. In this context, it is reasonable that the first mandibular cheek tooth is the largest of the rabbit dentition. Thus, the teeth lying behind it can firmly prop up against this stronger premolar. In contrast to wild animals, most pet and breeding rabbits predominantly crush “unnatural” food between their teeth (pellets, carrots and other root vegetables) which is accompanied with a much higher axial strain on the (pre-)molars and an insufficient tooth wear (higher clinical crowns) combined with a tendency to retrograde tooth elongation [1]. This fact appears also to explain why longitudinal splits of the first mandibular premolar (P3) are so common in pet rabbits. They are assumed to be the consequence of a load-related apical irritation that results in an abnormal tooth tissue formation (hypoplasia). Thus, the altered cement fails to connect both tooth bodies firmly together (bilophodont cheek teeth) resulting in a longitudinally “split” tooth [1].
"In summary, this suggests that in grazing wild rabbits cheek teeth are strained primarily in a laterorostral direction while shear forces on the interlocked enamel crests dominate and there is only a small amount of axial load on the cheek teeth. In this context, it is reasonable that the first mandibular cheek tooth is the largest of the rabbit dentition. Thus, the teeth lying behind it can firmly prop up against this stronger premolar. In contrast to wild animals, most pet and breeding rabbits predominantly crush “unnatural” food between their teeth (pellets, carrots and other root vegetables) which is accompanied with a much higher axial strain on the (pre-)molars and an insufficient tooth wear (higher clinical crowns) combined with a tendency to retrograde tooth elongation [1]. This fact appears also to explain why longitudinal splits of the first mandibular premolar (P3) are so common in pet rabbits. They are assumed to be the consequence of a load-related apical irritation that results in an abnormal tooth tissue formation (hypoplasia). Thus, the altered cement fails to connect both tooth bodies firmly together (bilophodont cheek teeth) resulting in a longitudinally “split” tooth [1].
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" Hay seems to be the most mechanically challenging food as it is tougher and stiffer than pellets ......... [70]. It requires more chews per gram to be processed which results in longer chewing bouts compared to pellets and carrots. This means that over a longer period of time the teeth are predominantly axially loaded due to the elevated bite force. If we take into consideration that hay with a lot of hard stems has reduced nutritive properties and potential limits on digestibility, then rabbits eating predominantly hay need to consume large quantities to meet basic metabolic and nutritional demands [70]. All of this promotes retrograde tooth elongation and incursion of the apices into the adjacent bone (most common finding in malocclusions) [1]. Furthermore, hay also promotes periodontal diseases (impacted food) and, therefore is not the best nutrition for rabbits [31]. Grasses and other fresh plants, however, are abrasive, but relatively soft and, thus, can be ground down with relatively low axial load of the cheek teeth as the primary strain on the (pre-) molars occurs in a more physiological laterorostral direction with the aid of the shearing power stroke"""</blockquote><p>


===2016 Evolutionary morphology of the rabbit skull===
===2016 Evolutionary morphology of the rabbit skull===
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=Rabbit Social =
=Rabbit Social =
== 2018 Changes in brain architecture are consistent with altered fear processing in domestic rabbits==
Irene Brusini, Miguel Carneiro, Chunliang Wang, +11, and Leif Andersson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-6968 leif.andersson@imbim.uu.seAuthors Info & Affiliations
Contributed by Leif Andersson, April 21, 2018 (sent for review January 18, 2018; reviewed by Kenneth Hugdahl, and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra)
June 25, 2018  115 (28) 7380-7385  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801024115
DOMESTICATED  rabbits lost critical thinking skills. Domestic Rabbits Have Reduced Amygdala Size and Increased Medial Prefrontal Cortex Volume.
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1801024115
Abstract
The most characteristic feature of domestic animals is their change in behavior associated with selection for tameness. Here we show, using high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging in wild and domestic rabbits, that domestication reduced amygdala volume and enlarged medial prefrontal cortex volume, supporting that areas driving fear have lost volume while areas modulating negative affect have gained volume during domestication. In contrast to the localized gray matter alterations, white matter anisotropy was reduced in the corona radiata, corpus callosum, and the subcortical white matter. This suggests a compromised white matter structural integrity in projection and association fibers affecting both afferent and efferent neural flow, consistent with reduced neural processing. We propose that compared with their wild ancestors, domestic rabbits are less fearful and have an attenuated flight response because of these changes in brain architecture.




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=== 2010 Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition (Text Book) ===  
=== 2010 Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition (Text Book) ===  
[https://www.academia.edu/8592261/Nutrition_of_the_Rabbit_Second_Edition?email_work_card=title Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition]    <<------ THIS!!!!
[https://www.academia.edu/8592261/Nutrition_of_the_Rabbit_Second_Edition?email_work_card=title Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition]    <<------ THIS!!!!
=== 2004 REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION===
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287407223_Reflections_on_rabbit_nutrition_with_a_special_emphasis_on_feed_ingredients_utilization REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION]
<blockquote><p> REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION  LEBAS F.  Cuniculture, 87a Chemin de Lassère, 31450 Corronsac, France lebas@cuniculture.info  ABSTRACT  In this invited communication the author proposes a list of nutritional recommendations for rabbits of different categories: growing from 18 to 42 days, from 42 to 80 days, for breeding does according to productivity (40-50 kits weaned per doe/year or more than 50) and for a single diet suitable for all rabbits. Recommendations taking account the last published data, are divided in 2 groups. The first corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to feed efficiency: digestible energy, crude and digestible protein, amino acids, minerals, and fat-soluble vitamins. The second group corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to nutritive security and digestive health: different fibre components (lignins, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and their equilibrium, starch and water soluble vitamins. In a second part, 387 papers published during the last 30 years on raw material utilisation in rabbit feeding were analysed. In a total of 14 tables, the 542 corresponding experiments were summarised each by the identification of the raw material, by the highest level of incorporation used in the experiment, by the highest acceptable level, by the main ingredient(s) replaced by the raw material studied, and finally by the authors reference. Raw materials studied were those used in temperate as well as in tropical countries. The raw material were grouped according to the following categories : raw material used as single food (24 experiments), cereals and by-products (43 exp.), other carbohydrates source of energy (62 exp.), fats (27 exp.), full-fat oleaginous grains (10 exp.), oil cakes and meals (43 exp.), proteic seeds such peas or beans (42 exp.), miscellaneous sources of protein such yeast or leaf protein (18 exp.), animal products (21 exp.), non-protein nitrogen source such urea (9 exp.), forages (157 exp.), cereal straws, alkali treated or not (33 exp.), cover or parts of dried grains source of fibre such stalks, hulls or cobs (19 exp.) and industrial by-products usable as fibre source (51 exp.).  Key words: nutritional recommendations, raw materials, data basis"</blockquote><p>


===2000 RECENT RESEARCH ADVANCES IN RABBIT NUTRITION December 2000 (peer reviewed research paper) ===
===2000 RECENT RESEARCH ADVANCES IN RABBIT NUTRITION December 2000 (peer reviewed research paper) ===
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== Various Legume as feed and feed supplements==
== Various Legume as feed and feed supplements==


===2013 Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as sole sources of proteins for growing rabbits" by Donald Chisowa===
===Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as sole sources of proteins for growing rabbits" by Donald Chisowa===
Vol. 1(5), pp.57-67, August 2013 Available online at http://www.accessinterjournals.org/aijasCopyright ©2013 Access International Journals
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/SWR6b1dLWFNBb3pxbFh3VXNCUmxjWnFuV0hac1JuMnhjVERWUzh3djYwOD0tLTdwcXJ2VmJ1UTFTa0p5TzBCUFdlb1E9PQ==--e17ca3b4f9f183f27b84e94a67e75efe6ebf36f4/t/sPPdN-QoQRVXM-WNtJE/resource/work/11351185/Evaluation_of_soybean_Glycine_max_cowpea_Vigna_unguiculata_and_pigeon_pea_Cajanus_cajan_as_sole_sources_of_proteins_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/SWR6b1dLWFNBb3pxbFh3VXNCUmxjWnFuV0hac1JuMnhjVERWUzh3djYwOD0tLTdwcXJ2VmJ1UTFTa0p5TzBCUFdlb1E9PQ==--e17ca3b4f9f183f27b84e94a67e75efe6ebf36f4/t/sPPdN-QoQRVXM-WNtJE/resource/work/11351185/Evaluation_of_soybean_Glycine_max_cowpea_Vigna_unguiculata_and_pigeon_pea_Cajanus_cajan_as_sole_sources_of_proteins_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title


notes: The highest post-weaning mortality was observed in rabbits fed cowpea-based ration. Rabbits fed cowpea-based ration were found to have pale, pathologically enlarged kidneys during post-mortem and carcass analysis (Plates 1, 2). Rabbits fed cowpea-based ration were also found with hemorrhagic intestines and pale livers during post-mortem. In Conclusion :The results observed in this study indicate superiority of soybean over pigeon pea and cowpea as sole sources of protein in rabbit rations. The study further demonstrated that pigeon pea was superior to cowpea as a sole source of protein in rabbit rations. The study has also indicated that even though soybean has been observed to be more effective than pigeon pea and cowpea as a protein supplement, pigeon pea can replace soybean without adversely affecting the performance of rabbits. Results of this study suggest that the variety of cowpea used in these experiments is not suitable as a sole source of protein in rabbit rations because of its high tannin content. Results of this study have demonstrated that the Flemish Giant performs better than the New Zealand
===Hamed A.A Omerand Azza M.M. Badr.Growth Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Pea StrawLife Science Journal 2013;10(2)" by dr.azza badr===
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/U2pZNE5LYmdLY2NleXppeDhCb2owd2YxZ0FDNWJub2IzNmNsM0ZCNlpIQT0tLU51UHBhN3JGQ0ZmOWJYclJTdWRKNkE9PQ==--429eb979b597c8159c3230f2bb5e087f0b6765ca/t/sPPdN-QcSQb5L-bxcsdM/resource/work/8539260/Hamed_A_A_Omerand_Azza_M_M_Badr_Growth_Performance_of_New_Zealand_White_Rabbits_Fed_Diets_Containing_Different_Levels_of_Pea_StrawLife_Science_Journal_2013_10_2_?email_work_card=title
White and the California Black under similar management system.  




===Effect of Chemical Composition of Alfalfa Hay on Several . Digestive Measurements in Growing Rabbits" by Rosa Carabaño===
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/VldVYTkrN3FQVmVjZzBlT0tPSXFNN3lJWks5a0JDbSs2Nm0vWk5yNTAvZz0tLThQaE85MTc3Vlo2YmdwVSsrTFpJdWc9PQ==--90cc8df7accb7e7757b217e27490b7698e7cf5a0/t/sPPdN-Qa9cnMB-B2d8N/resource/work/24812249/Effect_of_Chemical_Composition_of_Alfalfa_Hay_on_Several_Digestive_Measurements_in_Growing_Rabbits?email_work_card=title


===2016 EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH OR WITHOUT BENTONITE ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS" ===
==EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH OR WITHOUT BENTONITE ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS" by mohamed basyony==
 
 
 
EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH OR WITHOUT BENTONITE ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWINGRABBITS
Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science 26(2):211-230
DOI:10.21608/ejrs.2016.42076
 
Walaa A. Salama; M.M. Basyony; Marwa A. Suliman, R.I.M. Matari and  Hanan A.M. Hassanein
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, El-Dokki,Giza, Egypt .
Corresponding author: walaa A. Salama, E-mail" Address" walaa.attia2@gmail.com
 
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/aGhEa0Y3MXpTUm9QK0g4NS8rbGVZTmwyL3Q2Wmd1bFh0VzhhYTFkR1lGTT0tLWdvNlFRT0hhcEowVy9ESGpQTFplTHc9PQ==--e954ae63b78666fe8b6026136d1caa841a3244e7/t/sPPdN-QaECJQk-baz1zi/resource/work/36496594/EFFECT_OF_FEEDING_OLIVE_CAKE_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_BENTONITE_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/aGhEa0Y3MXpTUm9QK0g4NS8rbGVZTmwyL3Q2Wmd1bFh0VzhhYTFkR1lGTT0tLWdvNlFRT0hhcEowVy9ESGpQTFplTHc9PQ==--e954ae63b78666fe8b6026136d1caa841a3244e7/t/sPPdN-QaECJQk-baz1zi/resource/work/36496594/EFFECT_OF_FEEDING_OLIVE_CAKE_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_BENTONITE_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334743966_EFFECT_OF_FEEDING_OLIVE_CAKE_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_BENTONITE_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS


=== 2011, Influence of dietary benzoic acid addition on nutrient digestibility and selected biochemical parameters in fattening rabbits" by K. Fegeros===
==GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUM OR POTASSIUM, IN SUB-TROPICAL EGYPT==  
by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyathttps://www.academia.edu/keypass/SU9MMGRUSEhLWGlNT20zaXdkTXEyUjJYYWlFaDI2RHRqNnZtYXF1Z1d6WT0tLUphSHIxRlRRbUZQQituR25Gc0dkK2c9PQ==--841cf9236890a2487e4a977273720546ef9a32dc/t/sPPdN-QaqqFUB-nAEXb/resource/work/12692254/GROWTH_PERFORMANCE_BLOOD_COMPONENTS_AND_SLAUGHTER_TRAITS_OF_NEW_ZEALAND_WHITE_MALE_GROWING_RABBITS_AS_AFFECTED_BY_DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTATION_WITH_CALCIUM_SODIUM_OR_POTASSIUM_IN_SUB_TROPICAL_EGYPT?email_work_card=title


a b s t r a c t
==Additional energy supplements in the diet for growing rabbits" by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyat==
 
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/NHFKYlphcXg4VWNzZGVkSDVmVVFXYXlqOCtHSEVrd3RLN0NQN2xDZFZwYz0tLVVFcFpIZE9zV3pEWWRkU1Z5N09JcUE9PQ==--b6e433ce56d2392549ee5b405d73fa8c16e303ff/t/sPPdN-QaifWu2-bfmPBZ/resource/work/23248022/Additional_energy_supplements_in_the_diet_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title
The effects of two inclusion levels of benzoic acid (5 and 20g/kg diet; B5 and B20, respectively) vs. a control (C) and an antibiotic (tiamulin) supplemented (A; 150mg/kg) diet onnutrientdigestibilityandselectedbiochemicalparameterswereinvestigatedin48weaned(n=12 per treatment) rabbits (35 days old). Blood samples were obtained (at 45 and 85days of age) to measure erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Ca and P levels. At 56 days of age total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) was determined. At the end of the trial (85 days) rabbits were slaughtered for subsequent measurements. GSH-Px activity was also determined in liver homogenates post-mortem. Benzoic acid inclusion level decreased linearly (P<0.05) the weight of total full gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a trend (P=0.058) to increased dressingyield. The TTAD of organic matter(OM)increased linearly(P<0.05),whereas that of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy tended to increase (P=0.067, P=0.090 and P=0.098,respectively)withbenzoicacidincrement.TheTTADofaNDFom,hemicellulosesandcellu-lose was affected quadratically (P<0.05) by benzoic acid supplementation, with the B5-fedrabbits showing the higher values. Plasma ALP activity and P levels were linearly reduced(P<0.001) by benzoic acid inclusion, but no influence was observed on GSH-Px activity in erythrocytes or liver. In conclusion, dietary benzoic acid affects the TTAD of OM and fibre fractions in a dose dependent manner, without having any adverse effect on the systemic markers (biochemical parameters) examined.


==Influence of dietary benzoic acid addition on nutrient digestibility and selected biochemical parameters in fattening rabbits" by K. Fegeros==
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/b2lheWJTUWNnUEVBTG5Ddm1YamhzSDQySGNZd0k1TVV1aE1ldmFVR1RGVT0tLUNLSk5MYmlvYW1kN29STUUzSCtPelE9PQ==--917462902d2600191af2d70536465a40bd316be4/t/sPPdN-QepHj7D-VtVZd/resource/work/30474431/Influence_of_dietary_benzoic_acid_addition_on_nutrient_digestibility_and_selected_biochemical_parameters_in_fattening_rabbits?email_work_card=title
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/b2lheWJTUWNnUEVBTG5Ddm1YamhzSDQySGNZd0k1TVV1aE1ldmFVR1RGVT0tLUNLSk5MYmlvYW1kN29STUUzSCtPelE9PQ==--917462902d2600191af2d70536465a40bd316be4/t/sPPdN-QepHj7D-VtVZd/resource/work/30474431/Influence_of_dietary_benzoic_acid_addition_on_nutrient_digestibility_and_selected_biochemical_parameters_in_fattening_rabbits?email_work_card=title


===2013 Hamed A.A Omerand Azza M.M. Badr.Growth Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Pea StrawLife Science Journal 2013;10(2)" by dr.azza badr===
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/U2pZNE5LYmdLY2NleXppeDhCb2owd2YxZ0FDNWJub2IzNmNsM0ZCNlpIQT0tLU51UHBhN3JGQ0ZmOWJYclJTdWRKNkE9PQ==--429eb979b597c8159c3230f2bb5e087f0b6765ca/t/sPPdN-QcSQb5L-bxcsdM/resource/work/8539260/Hamed_A_A_Omerand_Azza_M_M_Badr_Growth_Performance_of_New_Zealand_White_Rabbits_Fed_Diets_Containing_Different_Levels_of_Pea_StrawLife_Science_Journal_2013_10_2_?email_work_card=title
Conclusion: Under the conditions of this experiment, the results indicated that, pea straw could be used up to50% in growing rabbit diets in place of the most conventional ingredients (berseem hay), or incorporated pea straw at 20 % of growing rabbit diets, achieved a better results of growth, carcass, digestibility and economic efficiency without any adverse effect on productive performance of growing rabbits
=== 2006 GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUM OR POTASSIUM, IN SUB-TROPICAL EGYPT=== 
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTERTRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS ASAFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUMOR POTASSIUM, IN SUB-TROPICAL EGYPT
Dep. Animal Production, Fac.f Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
I.F.M. Marai*, M.S. Ayyat, and U.M. Abd El-Monem
*Corresponding Author
SUMMARY
The study aimed to investigate growth performance, blood components and slaughter traits of NZW male growing (broiler) rabbits (78 animals) as affected by dietary supplementation with calcium, sodium or potassium during 3 months in each of summer and winter, in Egypt. Effects of seasons of the year on the same traits, were also studied. Live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein, albumin, globulin(blood components), urea-N, creatinine (kidney function), AST (Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and ALT (Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) (liver function), pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of carcass, fore-part, hind-part and head of New Zealand White (NZW ) male rabbits were significantly (P<0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) lower in summer than in winter due to the effect of heat stress. Minerals supplementation affected significantly (P<0.001, 0.01 or0.05) male rabbit in final live body weight, daily gain weight, serum total protein and albumin and adjusted weights of carcass and head. Supplementation (per kg diet) with each of 100 mg calcium oxide, 150 mg sodium chloride or 300 mg potassium bicarbonate exceeded significantly (P<0.05) the control diet, at the end of the experimental period. The increase values were 21.3, 9.0 and 7.2%, respectively. Interaction between season and minerals supplementation effects were significant ((P>0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) on final live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein and albumin, pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of liver, carcass intermediate and hind parts and head of NZW male rabbit. The magnitude of improvement was the highest with potassium bicarbonate (300 mg/kg diet)followed by calcium oxide (100 mg/kg diet), in winter. In summer, the highest improvement obtained was with sodium chloride (150 mg/kg diet) supplementation.
   
   
At he same time, the interaction effects of the other mineral supplements on the studied traits were negative in the two seasons Pre-slaughter weight significantly affected (P>0.001 or 0.01) adjusted weights of carcass, liver, fore part, intermediate part, hind part and head.
Key words:
Rabbits, growth performances, blood components, slaughter traits, heat stress, minerals supplementation.
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/SU9MMGRUSEhLWGlNT20zaXdkTXEyUjJYYWlFaDI2RHRqNnZtYXF1Z1d6WT0tLUphSHIxRlRRbUZQQituR25Gc0dkK2c9PQ==--841cf9236890a2487e4a977273720546ef9a32dc/t/sPPdN-QaqqFUB-nAEXb/resource/work/12692254/GROWTH_PERFORMANCE_BLOOD_COMPONENTS_AND_SLAUGHTER_TRAITS_OF_NEW_ZEALAND_WHITE_MALE_GROWING_RABBITS_AS_AFFECTED_BY_DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTATION_WITH_CALCIUM_SODIUM_OR_POTASSIUM_IN_SUB_TROPICAL_EGYPT?email_work_card=title
=== 2000  Effect of Chemical Composition of Alfalfa Hay on Several . Digestive Measurements in Growing Rabbits" by Rosa Carabaño===
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA HAY ON SEVERAL DIGESTIVE MEASUREMENTS IN GROWING RABBITS
J. Garcia, c. de Blas, R. Carabafio, and P. Garcia
DEPARTAMENTO DE PRODUCCION ANIMAL, E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS,
UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA, 28040 MADRID, SPAIN
Abstract:
Seventy five New Zealand White x Californian rabbits were used to study the influence of chemical composition of alfalfa hay on caecal and cecotrophy characteristics in growing rabbits. Five alfalfa hays were selected varying from 387 to 550 g NDF/kg DM and 35.2 to 27.0 g N/kg DM. Caecum, caecal contents and whole digestive tract weight (%bodyweight) and caecal NDF increased linearly (P=0.001) with the NDF content of diet. This fact implied the impairment of carcass performance when increased the fibre of diet. A linear decrease with NDF content of diet was observed for caecal N (P=0.001) and ammonia concentration ( P=O. 024) , the lowest value of ammonia concentration being 15.4 mg N-NH3/100 ml. A quadratic tendency (P=0.062) of type of diet was observed for the total VFA content, the extreme diets having the highest concentrations (as average 87.9 mmol/1). Caecal pH (as average 5.76) and VFA molar proportions (as average 79.3, 6.6 and 14.1% for acetic, propionic and butyric acid respectively) did not vary with type of diet. Total and microbial nitrogen content of soft faeces decreased linearly with dietary NDF (P=0.001).
Soft faeces of alfalfa A showed the highest value of total and microbial nitrogen ( 5. 2 and 2 .1%, respectively). Contribution of soft faeces to DM intake was not affected by type of diet, whereas contribution to N intake were quadratically influenced by diet, having alfalfas A and Ethe highest values ( as average 22. 9%) . It can be concluded that the variation on chemical composition of alfalfa hays produce a change in variables that indicate fermentation characteristics such as caecal ammonia, VFA and microbial nitrogen concentration. However, this changes do not affect the caecal pH value.
Key Words: Alfalfa hay, rabbits, caecum, caecotrophy.
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/VldVYTkrN3FQVmVjZzBlT0tPSXFNN3lJWks5a0JDbSs2Nm0vWk5yNTAvZz0tLThQaE85MTc3Vlo2YmdwVSsrTFpJdWc9PQ==--90cc8df7accb7e7757b217e27490b7698e7cf5a0/t/sPPdN-Qa9cnMB-B2d8N/resource/work/24812249/Effect_of_Chemical_Composition_of_Alfalfa_Hay_on_Several_Digestive_Measurements_in_Growing_Rabbits?email_work_card=title
===1994 Additional energy supplements in the diet for growing rabbits" ===
Additional energy supplements in the diet for fattening rabbits
Abdalla M.A., Ayyat M.S., Bassuny S.M., Rashwan A.A., Yamani K.A.O.
in
Baselga M. (ed.), Marai I.F.M. (ed.).Rabbit production in hot climatesZaragoza : CIHEAMCahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 81994
pages 223-231
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/NHFKYlphcXg4VWNzZGVkSDVmVVFXYXlqOCtHSEVrd3RLN0NQN2xDZFZwYz0tLVVFcFpIZE9zV3pEWWRkU1Z5N09JcUE9PQ==--b6e433ce56d2392549ee5b405d73fa8c16e303ff/t/sPPdN-QaifWu2-bfmPBZ/resource/work/23248022/Additional_energy_supplements_in_the_diet_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title
==COMMERCIAL ENZYMES==
==COMMERCIAL ENZYMES==


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== REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION==
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287407223_Reflections_on_rabbit_nutrition_with_a_special_emphasis_on_feed_ingredients_utilization REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION]
" REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION  LEBAS F.  Cuniculture, 87a Chemin de Lassère, 31450 Corronsac, France lebas@cuniculture.info  ABSTRACT  In this invited communication the author proposes a list of nutritional recommendations for rabbits of different categories: growing from 18 to 42 days, from 42 to 80 days, for breeding does according to productivity (40-50 kits weaned per doe/year or more than 50) and for a single diet suitable for all rabbits. Recommendations taking account the last published data, are divided in 2 groups. The first corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to feed efficiency: digestible energy, crude and digestible protein, amino acids, minerals, and fat-soluble vitamins. The second group corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to nutritive security and digestive health: different fibre components (lignins, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and their equilibrium, starch and water soluble vitamins. In a second part, 387 papers published during the last 30 years on raw material utilisation in rabbit feeding were analysed. In a total of 14 tables, the 542 corresponding experiments were summarised each by the identification of the raw material, by the highest level of incorporation used in the experiment, by the highest acceptable level, by the main ingredient(s) replaced by the raw material studied, and finally by the authors reference. Raw materials studied were those used in temperate as well as in tropical countries. The raw material were grouped according to the following categories : raw material used as single food (24 experiments), cereals and by-products (43 exp.), other carbohydrates source of energy (62 exp.), fats (27 exp.), full-fat oleaginous grains (10 exp.), oil cakes and meals (43 exp.), proteic seeds such peas or beans (42 exp.), miscellaneous sources of protein such yeast or leaf protein (18 exp.), animal products (21 exp.), non-protein nitrogen source such urea (9 exp.), forages (157 exp.), cereal straws, alkali treated or not (33 exp.), cover or parts of dried grains source of fibre such stalks, hulls or cobs (19 exp.) and industrial by-products usable as fibre source (51 exp.).  Key words: nutritional recommendations, raw materials, data basis"


==Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality" by Z. Szendrő==
==Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality" by Z. Szendrő==
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=Trancing=
=Trancing=
After reviewing multiple papers the  concussions I have drawn are,  Hypnosis , and Tonic immobility are not the same thing as Calming inversion or the  Roll used by Rabbit, Breeders , Judges and handlers .
In multiple studies it has been stated that in order to "induce" Tonic immobility or trancing, a rabbit had to either either be Violently slammed  and than be restrained on it's back by applying pressure to neck and chest, or flipping completely prostrate and have pressure applied to  neck and chest. The common  dementor being "pressure applied to Thorax"  . more current studies who simply rolled the rabbit in the standard exam position concluded that in the  vast majority of cases the rabbits cortisol was much lower then the rabbits examed in the standard upright position.  The earlier studies  from the  1970's focused on fear response and were specifically  trying to induce a fear based state. This honestly tainted any results and  opinions surrounding where simply rolling a rabbit was actually damaging to it.  as evidenced anecdotally by the millions of rabbits a year who are shown in ARBA sanctioned events where  a judge rolling a rabbit on it's back to do a health exam  of every rabbit on the table has shown us , it is not the case that rabbits are any more stressed or in any danger.  House Rabbit Society, PeTA and AR activists have pushed for years that the act of flipping a rabbit over will kill it or  cause it to have a heart attack.  I this was the case the death rate at ARBA convention would be extremely high,  just this year in 2023, 24,000 rabbits were judged at our 100th convention and zero died from being examined. I would expect if the claims were true , the act of flipping a rabbit on it's back  would not be part of the regular judging and exam process.




=== 2021 Effect of tonic immobility induction on selected physiological parameters in Oryctolagus cuniculus f. Domesticus rabbits: 2021===
=== 2021 new Study Effect of tonic immobility induction on selected physiological parameters in Oryctolagus cuniculus f. Domesticus rabbits: 2021===
January 2021 Medycyna Weterynaryjna  
January 2021 Medycyna Weterynaryjna  
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350946951_Effect_of_tonic_immobility_induction_on_selected_physiological_parameters_in_Oryctolagus_cuniculus_f_Domesticus_rabbits
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350946951_Effect_of_tonic_immobility_induction_on_selected_physiological_parameters_in_Oryctolagus_cuniculus_f_Domesticus_rabbits


<blockquote><p>" Tonic immobility (TI) is a phenomenon known as thanatosis or apparent death. The phenomenon can be induced in many ways. It occurs, for example, in the presence of a hazard, as a result of coercion through an unnatural body position or as a result of administration of certain medicines. TI is sometimes used in veterinary practice to tame patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of tonic immobility induction on selected physiological parameters in Oryctolagus cuniculus f. Domesticus rabbits. The study included 20 healthy rabbits, patients of a veterinary clinic, divided into two groups of 10 individuals. In the study group, TI was induced to conduct a standard clinical trial, while the control group were subjected to a standard clinical trial without TI. Heart rate, respiratory rate, pupil diameter and blood glucose concentration were measured in all animals.
" Tonic immobility (TI) is a phenomenon known as thanatosis or apparent death. The phenomenon can be induced in many ways. It occurs, for example, in the presence of a hazard, as a result of coercion through an unnatural body position or as a result of administration of certain medicines. TI is sometimes used in veterinary practice to tame patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of tonic immobility induction on selected physiological parameters in Oryctolagus cuniculus f. Domesticus rabbits. The study included 20 healthy rabbits, patients of a veterinary clinic, divided into two groups of 10 individuals. In the study group, TI was induced to conduct a standard clinical trial, while the control group were subjected to a standard clinical trial without TI. Heart rate, respiratory rate, pupil diameter and blood glucose concentration were measured in all animals.
'''''The measurements were performed three times: after the patient’s arrival at the clinic, after a detailed clinical examination in a normal or tonic immobility position and 15 minutes after the end of the examination. Additionally, the blood cortisol concentration was measured twice: on arrival at the clinic and at the end of the clinical trial. The results of the experiment show that miniature rabbits feel less stress during tonic immobility testing than rabbits in the standing position, and therefore this phenomenon should be used for taming animals. ''''' "</p></blockquote>
'''''The measurements were performed three times: after the patient’s arrival at the clinic, after a detailed clinical examination in a normal or tonic immobility position and 15 minutes after the end of the examination. Additionally, the blood cortisol concentration was measured twice: on arrival at the clinic and at the end of the clinical trial. The results of the experiment show that miniature rabbits feel less stress during tonic immobility testing than rabbits in the standing position, and therefore this phenomenon should be used for taming animals. ''''' "
 
 
RWAF .actually supports flipping them.
 
Assuming people read PAST  the first few paragraphs from their Facebook post where they  cite the  McBride notes and a half page blurb from  Sally Everett that was found as Appendix 3 in a text book and also was inconclusive.  that was also inconclusive,  RWAF wrote in reference to the Medycyna Weterynaryjna research :
 
<blockquote><p> .." The new paper is specifically about rabbits in a veterinary clinic setting. It shows that heart and respiratory rates stay the same or increase in rabbits when they are examined on their fronts, but decrease when they are examined on their backs. Pupil size, another measure of stress, increases when examined on their fronts, but not their backs. Blood glucose remained at a very similar level throughout in both groups. Blood cortisol goes up with handling in both groups, but increases less in those on their backs than their fronts. Rabbits entering a vet clinic are, by definition, already very stressed, so the baseline here is somewhat skewed (this is not a criticism of the paper, just an observation), with heart rates and, in particular, respiratory rates, well above those commonly suggested as "normal".
In summary, during TI in this study:
• Heart and breathing rate drop
• Pupil size decreases
• Glucose does not significantly change
• Cortisol increases (but less than during examination on their fronts)
• There is no suggestion that there is any kind of “natural” pain relief induced by TI.
• These are averages, and some rabbits show very different responses to others.
Conclusions we can draw from this:
• The changes seen during TI are not those of a "fight or flight" response.
• Some rabbits respond with decreases in signs, some with increases, suggesting different individual susceptibilities.
• We cannot say if a rabbit "likes" being turned on its back.
• The decrease in heart and respiratory rate suggest lowered physiological stress but this doesn’t necessarily equal less emotional stress.
And the main concern: there is a difference between lying on their back and “true” TI. Different ways to hold and restrain rabbits have different effects and may induce TI or may not.  In her social media posts on this, Dr Harcourt-Brown mentions this too, drawing a distinction between TI and trancing. The author describes carefully putting rabbits into a position on their backs, which is how Dr Harcourt-Brown also puts it. The exact nature of the difference needs further exploration, with some suggestions previously that where rabbits have had TI used in the past are more susceptible to it in future, and whether there is an element of "learned helplessness" present in at least some cases.
This study was limited to a veterinary clinic setting. As vets, we need to incorporate these results into a contextualised care approach, and consider:
• Why we are doing it, for example to facilitate a life-saving diagnostic or therapeutic procedure like obtaining an x-ray.
• If the position is appropriate. For example, it is a good position to take a urine sample from the bladder but not for syringe feeding because of aspiration risk.
• How are we are lying them on their backs, and that it is in a stable and supported way.
• Whether we are inducing a physiologically relaxed response or inducing a state where the rabbit is tense and poising to jump up and run for its life.
• If it is appropriate for that rabbit. While the rabbits in this study appear to undergo a relaxation response, not all rabbits will do that. If the technique doesn’t work for an individual rabbit, there could be serious consequences if
they jump and twist.
• That there is no suggestion that this process has any analgesic benefit at all.
The only conclusions we can draw from this study are limited to a veterinary clinic setting and our advice for rabbits in all other settings remains the same. The RWAF aims to give the most up-to-date care advice for rabbits. As they are
studied more, there is more evidence, and our advice may therefore change in response.
 
Richard Saunders (he/him) BSc (Hons) BVSc FRSB CBiol DZooMed (Mammalian) DipECZM(ZHM) MRCVS
Rabbit Welfare Association and Fund Veterinary Advisor"</p></blockquote>
 
===2014 Dorsal immobility response in rabbits, Appendix note    ===
Author: Sally Everitt    From: BSAVA Manual of Rabbit Medicine    Item: Appendix 3, pp 320 - 320    DOI: 10.22233/9781910443217.app3    Copyright: © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: February 2014  https://www.bsavalibrary.com/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443217.app3
 
While this attempts to define the state which as it even acknowledges may be one of several different states it is overall inconclusive and the wildly parroted claims that the processes of simply flipping a rabbit on it's back creates such an extreme fear response as to '''CAUSE''' pain, or '''CAUSE '''a heart attack and death are wildly misrepresented.
 
 
the entire blurb:
 
[[File:2014 Dorsal immobility response in rabbits, Appendix note.JPG]]


=== 2006 Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear?  ===
https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11361/
McBride, E.A., Day, S., McAdie, Tina M., Meredith, A., Barley, J., Hickman, J. and Lawes, L. (2006) Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear? In: Proceedings of the VDWE International Congress on Companion Animal Behavior and Welfare. Flemish Veterinary Association, pp. 135-137. ISBN 90801104411


<blockquote><p>"Physiological measures included respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and plasma corticosterone levels which were recorded immediately prior to TI induction, upon TI termination and 15 minutes following TI termination. Behavioral measures included latency and duration of TI episodes as well as movement and frequencies of behaviors recorded during ten minute pre- and post-TI observation periods.
'''Six New Zealand White rabbits were used''', 2 entire females and 4 entire males. They were divided into two groups of one male and two females. Each rabbit acted as its own control in two TI trials, one trial to record behavioral measures and one for physiological measures."  "Blood pressure measures showed considerable variation and '''no consistent pattern was observed'''."</blockquote><p>


===1977 Old study: LIMBIC MODULATION OF CONTACT DEFENSIVE IMMOBILITY ("ANIMAL HYPNOSIS") ===
===1977 Old study: LIMBIC MODULATION OF CONTACT DEFENSIVE IMMOBILITY ("ANIMAL HYPNOSIS") ===
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https://www.academia.edu/35547602/LIMBIC_MODULATION_OF_CONTACT_DEFENSIVE_IMMOBILITY_ANIMAL_HYPNOSIS_?source=swp_share
https://www.academia.edu/35547602/LIMBIC_MODULATION_OF_CONTACT_DEFENSIVE_IMMOBILITY_ANIMAL_HYPNOSIS_?source=swp_share
<blockquote><p>Preoperative
Preoperative
  Behavioral Testing
  Behavioral Testing
  Each rabbit was subjected to an immobiliza-tion test session prior to implantation of recording electrodes. The rabbit was transported from the colony room to the test room in a large box. The rabbit was taken from the transport  
  Each rabbit was subjected to an immobiliza-tion test session prior to implantation of recording electrodes. The rabbit was transported from the colony room to the test room in a large box. The rabbit was taken from the transport  
  box and placed in an upright position in a wooden V-shaped trough as previously described (Woodruff et al., 1975). Immobility was induced 15 sec later by rapidly inverting the rabbit and forcibly re-straining it in the inverted  
  box and placed in an upright position in a wooden V-shaped trough as previously described (Woodruff et al., 1975). Immobility was induced 15 sec later by rapidly inverting the rabbit and forcibly re-straining it in the inverted  
  position by pressing the thorax with one hand.  After 15 sec had elapsed, the hand was slowly with drawn and a clock started to time the duration of the response. If the rabbit did not become immobile within 15 sec, it was  
  position by pressing the thorax with one hand.  After 15 sec had elapsed, the hand was slowly with drawn and a clock started to time the duration of the response. If the rabbit did not become immobile within 15 sec, it was  
  allowed to right itself and remain in the upright position for an additional 15 sec before another trial commenced. Three consecutive induction trials were given in this manner.</blockquote><p>
  allowed to right itself and remain in the upright position for an additional 15 sec before another trial commenced. Three consecutive induction trials were given in this manner.




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*Corresponding author’s  Email: nagham.elsaidy@yahoo.com
*Corresponding author’s  Email: nagham.elsaidy@yahoo.com


<blockquote><p>ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted in order to estimate the impact of using honey in drinking water, drinking cool water andLevamisole injection as alleviated tools of heat stress on White New Zealand rabbits under Egyptian summer conditions. 40 sexually mature White New Zealand rabbits contained 36 does with an average age of 15-20 (18±2)weeks and nearly similar body weight of 2 kg and 4 fertile bucks with an average age of 24 weeks and average weight of 2.5 kg were used in this experiment. They were allocated into four groups each containing 9 does and 1buck. Group I was kept as a control without any treatment, group II received honey 20 ml/l on drinking water, group III drank cold water with a temperature ranged from 16-200C and group IV received a single dose of subcutaneous Levamisole injection (2 mg/kg BW). Results showed that most of performance, reproductive and physiological parameters of examined rabbits were significantly decreased by heat stress under Egyptian summer conditions. However, treated groups showed improved traits on most examined parameters comparing with control group. Among the treated groups, the one treated with honey expressed significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight, bodyweight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, water consumption, conception rate, litter size and weight, milk yield, economic efficiency, rectal temperature, hematological parameters and some serum biochemical parameters. On the other hand, the group which received cool water showed the best records for decreased levels of serum urea, creatine and respiratory rate. In conclusion, it is clear that heat stress has negative effects on reproductive and physiological traits of growing rabbits with drawing attention toward the importance of using alleviating methods for mitigating the negative effects of heat stress especially by using honey and drinking cool water.
This study was conducted in order to estimate the impact of using honey in drinking water, drinking cool water andLevamisole injection as alleviated tools of heat stress on White New Zealand rabbits under Egyptian summer conditions. 40 sexually mature White New Zealand rabbits contained 36 does with an average age of 15-20 (18±2)weeks and nearly similar body weight of 2 kg and 4 fertile bucks with an average age of 24 weeks and average weight of 2.5 kg were used in this experiment. They were allocated into four groups each containing 9 does and 1buck. Group I was kept as a control without any treatment, group II received honey 20 ml/l on drinking water, group III drank cold water with a temperature ranged from 16-200C and group IV received a single dose of subcutaneous Levamisole injection (2 mg/kg BW). Results showed that most of performance, reproductive and physiological parameters of examined rabbits were significantly decreased by heat stress under Egyptian summer conditions. However, treated groups showed improved traits on most examined parameters comparing with control group. Among the treated groups, the one treated with honey expressed significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight, bodyweight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, water consumption, conception rate, litter size and weight, milk yield, economic efficiency, rectal temperature, hematological parameters and some serum biochemical parameters. On the other hand, the group which received cool water showed the best records for decreased levels of serum urea, creatine and respiratory rate. In conclusion, it is clear that heat stress has negative effects on reproductive and physiological traits of growing rabbits with drawing attention toward the importance of using alleviating methods for mitigating the negative effects of heat stress especially by using honey and drinking cool water.
Key words:
Key words:
Heat stress, Honey, Cool water, Levamisole, Rabbit traits</blockquote><p>
Heat stress, Honey, Cool water, Levamisole, Rabbit traits




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=drop all links under review here =
=drop all links under review here =
Rabbit pain scale and related articles :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230834598_Evaluation_of_EMLA_Cream_for_Preventing_Pain_during_Tattooing_of_Rabbits_Changes_in_Physiological_Behavioural_and_Facial_Expression_Responses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8195426/#:~:text=The%20Rabbit%20Grimace%20Scale%20(RbtGS,and%202%20is%20extreme%20pain.
The Rabbit Grimace Scale (RbtGS) is a pain scale specifically designed for rabbits [4]. The RbtGS relies on five facial indicators (Orbital tightening, Cheek flattening, Nostril shape, Whisker shape and position, and Ear shape and position) each on a 0–2 scale; where 0 is no pain and 2 is extreme pain. The RbtGS is easy to use, although some of the facial indicators such as whisker position may be difficult to assess [5]. Moreover, it has been developed based on a breed of straight-eared rabbits, common in laboratories. This can be a limiting factor when used in a clinical setting as lop-eared rabbits currently comprise the majority of the cases treated in UK veterinary practices [6].
4.Keating SCJ, Thomas AA, Flecknell PA, Leach MC. Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits: Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses. Plos One. 2012;7(9):11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044437
5.Hedenqvist P, Trbakovic A, Thor A, Ley C, Ekman S, Jensen-Waern M. Carprofen neither reduces postoperative facial expression scores in rabbits treated with buprenorphine nor alters long term bone formation after maxillary sinus grafting. Research in Veterinary Science. 2016;107:123–31. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.05.010
6. O’Neill DG, Craven HC, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, Hedley J. Morbidity and mortality of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under primary veterinary care in England. Veterinary Record. 2020;186(14):8. doi: 10.1136/vr.105592
The development and use of facial grimace scales for pain measurement in animals
Jeffrey S Mogil et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Sep.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32682741/
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume 116, September 2020, Pages 480-493
The development and use of facial grimace scales for pain measurement in animals
Author links open overlay panelJeffrey S. Mogil a, Daniel S.J. Pang b, Gabrielle Guanaes Silva Dutra a, Christine T. Chambers c
a
Depts. of Psychology and Anesthesia, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
b
Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
c
Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Received 10 April 2020, Revised 25 June 2020, Accepted 14 July 2020, Available online 16 July 2020, Version of Record 24 July 2020
links to all studies where pain scale used




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https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/373/htm
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/373/htm
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065266008600966
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065266008600966


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=CAN'T FIND IT.. HA SA PAYWALL=

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