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https://www.academia.edu/keypass/cXB4T0V3WGRoN25VRlhPRGZBWHdZY05NNGlWMUxVWDZHSGRiWjBWTEhLQT0tLWV2MERGdUNIams2SUtINEtCaW9Nenc9PQ==--655158b38adde0b05bd4b67e88c8cc60718f28c4/t/sPPdN-QrcBT6s-sfvjo/resource/work/27578695/New_perspectives_in_rearing_systems_for_rabbit_does?email_work_card=title | https://www.academia.edu/keypass/cXB4T0V3WGRoN25VRlhPRGZBWHdZY05NNGlWMUxVWDZHSGRiWjBWTEhLQT0tLWV2MERGdUNIams2SUtINEtCaW9Nenc9PQ==--655158b38adde0b05bd4b67e88c8cc60718f28c4/t/sPPdN-QrcBT6s-sfvjo/resource/work/27578695/New_perspectives_in_rearing_systems_for_rabbit_does?email_work_card=title | ||
=== | ===Rabbit sperm (Blog) Not Easter bunnies or hares, but rabbit reproduction and sperm=== | ||
https://www.micropticsl.com/rabbit-blog/ | https://www.micropticsl.com/rabbit-blog/ | ||
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233758/ | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233758/ | ||
Abstract | |||
Acquired dental problems are among the most frequently encountered diseases in pet rabbits. However, early symptoms are often overlooked because the affected animals first appear completely asymptomatic. Alterations from anatomical reference lines according to Böhmer and Crossley applied to standard skull X-ray images, have been shown to be indicative of tooth health problems in pet rabbits. Despite its proven usefulness, there are exceptions in which the anatomical reference lines appear not to be suitable for application. We addressed this issue by quantifying the cranial morphology of a large data set of pet rabbit patients (N = 80). The results of the morphometric analyses revealed considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbits, but variance in only a few parameters influences the applicability of the anatomical reference lines. The most substantial parameter is the palatal angle. Specimens in which the anatomical reference lines could not be applied, have a rather large angle between the skull base and the palatal bone. We recommend to measure the palatal angle before applying the anatomical reference lines for objective interpretation of dental disease. Pet rabbits with a palatal angle larger than 18.8° are not strictly suitable for the successful application of the anatomical reference lines. | Acquired dental problems are among the most frequently encountered diseases in pet rabbits. However, early symptoms are often overlooked because the affected animals first appear completely asymptomatic. Alterations from anatomical reference lines according to Böhmer and Crossley applied to standard skull X-ray images, have been shown to be indicative of tooth health problems in pet rabbits. Despite its proven usefulness, there are exceptions in which the anatomical reference lines appear not to be suitable for application. We addressed this issue by quantifying the cranial morphology of a large data set of pet rabbit patients (N = 80). The results of the morphometric analyses revealed considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbits, but variance in only a few parameters influences the applicability of the anatomical reference lines. The most substantial parameter is the palatal angle. Specimens in which the anatomical reference lines could not be applied, have a rather large angle between the skull base and the palatal bone. We recommend to measure the palatal angle before applying the anatomical reference lines for objective interpretation of dental disease. Pet rabbits with a palatal angle larger than 18.8° are not strictly suitable for the successful application of the anatomical reference lines. | ||
Keywords: Lagomorpha; evolution; geometric morphometrics; malocclusion; masticatory apparatus; pathology; teeth. | Keywords: Lagomorpha; evolution; geometric morphometrics; malocclusion; masticatory apparatus; pathology; teeth. | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
Conclusions | |||
The present study showed that there is considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbit (of no specific breed). The domestication of rabbits—most likely with a single origin from wild populations of France [56,57,58]—has led to a very high phenotypic diversity with more than 200 breeds recognized worldwide [57]. The morphological variation is reflected in a wide variety of commercial and laboratory uses. Nevertheless, the applicability of the occlusal reference line is not significantly influenced by variance in parameters such as the length of the maxillary molar row or of the palatal bone. It is slightly affected by the caudal height of the nasal bone and the cranial length to height ratio. In pet rabbits with a rather high caudal nose and a short skull in relation to their skull height, the occlusal reference line is not always applicable. However, these parameters explain only partially why in some cases the occlusal reference line cannot be applied. The most substantial parameter that allows to predict if the occlusal reference line is applicable or not is the palatal angle. If the angle between the skull base and the palatal bone is larger than 18.8°, the occlusal plane of the molars is shifted outside the occlusal reference line. In these cases, they are not suitable for successful objective interpretation of norm- and malocclusion. | The present study showed that there is considerable diversity in skull shape among the typical pet rabbit (of no specific breed). The domestication of rabbits—most likely with a single origin from wild populations of France [56,57,58]—has led to a very high phenotypic diversity with more than 200 breeds recognized worldwide [57]. The morphological variation is reflected in a wide variety of commercial and laboratory uses. Nevertheless, the applicability of the occlusal reference line is not significantly influenced by variance in parameters such as the length of the maxillary molar row or of the palatal bone. It is slightly affected by the caudal height of the nasal bone and the cranial length to height ratio. In pet rabbits with a rather high caudal nose and a short skull in relation to their skull height, the occlusal reference line is not always applicable. However, these parameters explain only partially why in some cases the occlusal reference line cannot be applied. The most substantial parameter that allows to predict if the occlusal reference line is applicable or not is the palatal angle. If the angle between the skull base and the palatal bone is larger than 18.8°, the occlusal plane of the molars is shifted outside the occlusal reference line. In these cases, they are not suitable for successful objective interpretation of norm- and malocclusion. | ||
=== 2018 Developmental pathways of periodontal tissue regeneration: Developmental diversities of tooth morphogenesis do also map capacity of periodontal tissue regeneration?=== | === 2018 Developmental pathways of periodontal tissue regeneration: Developmental diversities of tooth morphogenesis do also map capacity of periodontal tissue regeneration?=== | ||
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606619/ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606619/ | ||
Abstract: | |||
In contrast to wild lagomorphs, pet rabbits exhibit a noticeably high frequency of dental problems. Although dietary habits are considered as a major factor contributing to acquired malocclusions, the exact causes and interrelationships are still under debate. In this regard, an important aspect that has not been considered thoroughly to date is the effect of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in skull morphology. Therefore, we conducted a geometric morphometric analysis on skull radiological images of wild and pet rabbits in order to quantify intraspecific variation in craniomandibular morphology. The statistical analyses reveal a significant morphological differentiation of the craniomandibular system between both groups. Furthermore, the analysis of covariance shows that the force-generating modules (cranium and mandible) vary independently from the force-receiving module (hypselodont teeth) in pet rabbits, which is in contrast to their wild relatives. Our findings suggest that the phenotypic changes in domestic rabbits impact mastication performance and, consequently, oral health. An adequate close-to-nature nutrition throughout the whole life and especially beginning early parallel to weaning (phase of increased phenotypic plasticity) is necessary to ensure a normal strain on the teeth by promoting physiological lateral gliding movements and avoiding direct axial loads. | In contrast to wild lagomorphs, pet rabbits exhibit a noticeably high frequency of dental problems. Although dietary habits are considered as a major factor contributing to acquired malocclusions, the exact causes and interrelationships are still under debate. In this regard, an important aspect that has not been considered thoroughly to date is the effect of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in skull morphology. Therefore, we conducted a geometric morphometric analysis on skull radiological images of wild and pet rabbits in order to quantify intraspecific variation in craniomandibular morphology. The statistical analyses reveal a significant morphological differentiation of the craniomandibular system between both groups. Furthermore, the analysis of covariance shows that the force-generating modules (cranium and mandible) vary independently from the force-receiving module (hypselodont teeth) in pet rabbits, which is in contrast to their wild relatives. Our findings suggest that the phenotypic changes in domestic rabbits impact mastication performance and, consequently, oral health. An adequate close-to-nature nutrition throughout the whole life and especially beginning early parallel to weaning (phase of increased phenotypic plasticity) is necessary to ensure a normal strain on the teeth by promoting physiological lateral gliding movements and avoiding direct axial loads. | ||
Keywords: masticatory apparatus, axial load, malocclusion, reference lines, Lagomorpha, evolutionary morphology, phenotypic plasticity | Keywords: masticatory apparatus, axial load, malocclusion, reference lines, Lagomorpha, evolutionary morphology, phenotypic plasticity | ||
notes: | notes: | ||
"Free living rabbits also strip bark off trees with their incisors and chew it just as they ribble at delicate roots. In addition to that, animals with a healthy dentition grind their incisors and cheek teeth periodically which is called “thegosis” or “bruxism”. These planning jaw movements occur in the absence of food and help to maintain a physiological length and shape of the teeth. Thegosis is seen predominantly when rabbits are at rest [62]. Rabbits with a malocclusion, however, often avoid these special jaw movements due to dental pain. Elongated clinical crowns of both the incisors and cheek teeth are a consequence of this." | |||
"In summary, this suggests that in grazing wild rabbits cheek teeth are strained primarily in a laterorostral direction while shear forces on the interlocked enamel crests dominate and there is only a small amount of axial load on the cheek teeth. In this context, it is reasonable that the first mandibular cheek tooth is the largest of the rabbit dentition. Thus, the teeth lying behind it can firmly prop up against this stronger premolar. In contrast to wild animals, most pet and breeding rabbits predominantly crush “unnatural” food between their teeth (pellets, carrots and other root vegetables) which is accompanied with a much higher axial strain on the (pre-)molars and an insufficient tooth wear (higher clinical crowns) combined with a tendency to retrograde tooth elongation [1]. This fact appears also to explain why longitudinal splits of the first mandibular premolar (P3) are so common in pet rabbits. They are assumed to be the consequence of a load-related apical irritation that results in an abnormal tooth tissue formation (hypoplasia). Thus, the altered cement fails to connect both tooth bodies firmly together (bilophodont cheek teeth) resulting in a longitudinally “split” tooth [1]. | "In summary, this suggests that in grazing wild rabbits cheek teeth are strained primarily in a laterorostral direction while shear forces on the interlocked enamel crests dominate and there is only a small amount of axial load on the cheek teeth. In this context, it is reasonable that the first mandibular cheek tooth is the largest of the rabbit dentition. Thus, the teeth lying behind it can firmly prop up against this stronger premolar. In contrast to wild animals, most pet and breeding rabbits predominantly crush “unnatural” food between their teeth (pellets, carrots and other root vegetables) which is accompanied with a much higher axial strain on the (pre-)molars and an insufficient tooth wear (higher clinical crowns) combined with a tendency to retrograde tooth elongation [1]. This fact appears also to explain why longitudinal splits of the first mandibular premolar (P3) are so common in pet rabbits. They are assumed to be the consequence of a load-related apical irritation that results in an abnormal tooth tissue formation (hypoplasia). Thus, the altered cement fails to connect both tooth bodies firmly together (bilophodont cheek teeth) resulting in a longitudinally “split” tooth [1]. | ||
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" Hay seems to be the most mechanically challenging food as it is tougher and stiffer than pellets ......... [70]. It requires more chews per gram to be processed which results in longer chewing bouts compared to pellets and carrots. This means that over a longer period of time the teeth are predominantly axially loaded due to the elevated bite force. If we take into consideration that hay with a lot of hard stems has reduced nutritive properties and potential limits on digestibility, then rabbits eating predominantly hay need to consume large quantities to meet basic metabolic and nutritional demands [70]. All of this promotes retrograde tooth elongation and incursion of the apices into the adjacent bone (most common finding in malocclusions) [1]. Furthermore, hay also promotes periodontal diseases (impacted food) and, therefore is not the best nutrition for rabbits [31]. Grasses and other fresh plants, however, are abrasive, but relatively soft and, thus, can be ground down with relatively low axial load of the cheek teeth as the primary strain on the (pre-) molars occurs in a more physiological laterorostral direction with the aid of the shearing power stroke""" | " Hay seems to be the most mechanically challenging food as it is tougher and stiffer than pellets ......... [70]. It requires more chews per gram to be processed which results in longer chewing bouts compared to pellets and carrots. This means that over a longer period of time the teeth are predominantly axially loaded due to the elevated bite force. If we take into consideration that hay with a lot of hard stems has reduced nutritive properties and potential limits on digestibility, then rabbits eating predominantly hay need to consume large quantities to meet basic metabolic and nutritional demands [70]. All of this promotes retrograde tooth elongation and incursion of the apices into the adjacent bone (most common finding in malocclusions) [1]. Furthermore, hay also promotes periodontal diseases (impacted food) and, therefore is not the best nutrition for rabbits [31]. Grasses and other fresh plants, however, are abrasive, but relatively soft and, thus, can be ground down with relatively low axial load of the cheek teeth as the primary strain on the (pre-) molars occurs in a more physiological laterorostral direction with the aid of the shearing power stroke""" | ||
===2016 Evolutionary morphology of the rabbit skull=== | ===2016 Evolutionary morphology of the rabbit skull=== | ||
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=Rabbit Social = | =Rabbit Social = | ||
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=== 2010 Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition (Text Book) === | === 2010 Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition (Text Book) === | ||
[https://www.academia.edu/8592261/Nutrition_of_the_Rabbit_Second_Edition?email_work_card=title Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition] <<------ THIS!!!! | [https://www.academia.edu/8592261/Nutrition_of_the_Rabbit_Second_Edition?email_work_card=title Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition] <<------ THIS!!!! | ||
===2000 RECENT RESEARCH ADVANCES IN RABBIT NUTRITION December 2000 (peer reviewed research paper) === | ===2000 RECENT RESEARCH ADVANCES IN RABBIT NUTRITION December 2000 (peer reviewed research paper) === | ||
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White and the California Black under similar management system. | White and the California Black under similar management system. | ||
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Conclusion: Under the conditions of this experiment, the results indicated that, pea straw could be used up to50% in growing rabbit diets in place of the most conventional ingredients (berseem hay), or incorporated pea straw at 20 % of growing rabbit diets, achieved a better results of growth, carcass, digestibility and economic efficiency without any adverse effect on productive performance of growing rabbits | Conclusion: Under the conditions of this experiment, the results indicated that, pea straw could be used up to50% in growing rabbit diets in place of the most conventional ingredients (berseem hay), or incorporated pea straw at 20 % of growing rabbit diets, achieved a better results of growth, carcass, digestibility and economic efficiency without any adverse effect on productive performance of growing rabbits | ||
=== | ===Effect of Chemical Composition of Alfalfa Hay on Several . Digestive Measurements in Growing Rabbits" by Rosa Carabaño=== | ||
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/VldVYTkrN3FQVmVjZzBlT0tPSXFNN3lJWks5a0JDbSs2Nm0vWk5yNTAvZz0tLThQaE85MTc3Vlo2YmdwVSsrTFpJdWc9PQ==--90cc8df7accb7e7757b217e27490b7698e7cf5a0/t/sPPdN-Qa9cnMB-B2d8N/resource/work/24812249/Effect_of_Chemical_Composition_of_Alfalfa_Hay_on_Several_Digestive_Measurements_in_Growing_Rabbits?email_work_card=title | https://www.academia.edu/keypass/VldVYTkrN3FQVmVjZzBlT0tPSXFNN3lJWks5a0JDbSs2Nm0vWk5yNTAvZz0tLThQaE85MTc3Vlo2YmdwVSsrTFpJdWc9PQ==--90cc8df7accb7e7757b217e27490b7698e7cf5a0/t/sPPdN-Qa9cnMB-B2d8N/resource/work/24812249/Effect_of_Chemical_Composition_of_Alfalfa_Hay_on_Several_Digestive_Measurements_in_Growing_Rabbits?email_work_card=title | ||
==EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH OR WITHOUT BENTONITE ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS" by mohamed basyony== | |||
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/aGhEa0Y3MXpTUm9QK0g4NS8rbGVZTmwyL3Q2Wmd1bFh0VzhhYTFkR1lGTT0tLWdvNlFRT0hhcEowVy9ESGpQTFplTHc9PQ==--e954ae63b78666fe8b6026136d1caa841a3244e7/t/sPPdN-QaECJQk-baz1zi/resource/work/36496594/EFFECT_OF_FEEDING_OLIVE_CAKE_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_BENTONITE_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title | |||
== | ==GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUM OR POTASSIUM, IN SUB-TROPICAL EGYPT== | ||
by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyathttps://www.academia.edu/keypass/SU9MMGRUSEhLWGlNT20zaXdkTXEyUjJYYWlFaDI2RHRqNnZtYXF1Z1d6WT0tLUphSHIxRlRRbUZQQituR25Gc0dkK2c9PQ==--841cf9236890a2487e4a977273720546ef9a32dc/t/sPPdN-QaqqFUB-nAEXb/resource/work/12692254/GROWTH_PERFORMANCE_BLOOD_COMPONENTS_AND_SLAUGHTER_TRAITS_OF_NEW_ZEALAND_WHITE_MALE_GROWING_RABBITS_AS_AFFECTED_BY_DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTATION_WITH_CALCIUM_SODIUM_OR_POTASSIUM_IN_SUB_TROPICAL_EGYPT?email_work_card=title | |||
==Additional energy supplements in the diet for growing rabbits" by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyat== | |||
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/NHFKYlphcXg4VWNzZGVkSDVmVVFXYXlqOCtHSEVrd3RLN0NQN2xDZFZwYz0tLVVFcFpIZE9zV3pEWWRkU1Z5N09JcUE9PQ==--b6e433ce56d2392549ee5b405d73fa8c16e303ff/t/sPPdN-QaifWu2-bfmPBZ/resource/work/23248022/Additional_energy_supplements_in_the_diet_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title | https://www.academia.edu/keypass/NHFKYlphcXg4VWNzZGVkSDVmVVFXYXlqOCtHSEVrd3RLN0NQN2xDZFZwYz0tLVVFcFpIZE9zV3pEWWRkU1Z5N09JcUE9PQ==--b6e433ce56d2392549ee5b405d73fa8c16e303ff/t/sPPdN-QaifWu2-bfmPBZ/resource/work/23248022/Additional_energy_supplements_in_the_diet_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title | ||
==Influence of dietary benzoic acid addition on nutrient digestibility and selected biochemical parameters in fattening rabbits" by K. Fegeros== | |||
https://www.academia.edu/keypass/b2lheWJTUWNnUEVBTG5Ddm1YamhzSDQySGNZd0k1TVV1aE1ldmFVR1RGVT0tLUNLSk5MYmlvYW1kN29STUUzSCtPelE9PQ==--917462902d2600191af2d70536465a40bd316be4/t/sPPdN-QepHj7D-VtVZd/resource/work/30474431/Influence_of_dietary_benzoic_acid_addition_on_nutrient_digestibility_and_selected_biochemical_parameters_in_fattening_rabbits?email_work_card=title | |||
==COMMERCIAL ENZYMES== | ==COMMERCIAL ENZYMES== | ||
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== REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION== | |||
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287407223_Reflections_on_rabbit_nutrition_with_a_special_emphasis_on_feed_ingredients_utilization REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION] | |||
" REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION LEBAS F. Cuniculture, 87a Chemin de Lassère, 31450 Corronsac, France lebas@cuniculture.info ABSTRACT In this invited communication the author proposes a list of nutritional recommendations for rabbits of different categories: growing from 18 to 42 days, from 42 to 80 days, for breeding does according to productivity (40-50 kits weaned per doe/year or more than 50) and for a single diet suitable for all rabbits. Recommendations taking account the last published data, are divided in 2 groups. The first corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to feed efficiency: digestible energy, crude and digestible protein, amino acids, minerals, and fat-soluble vitamins. The second group corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to nutritive security and digestive health: different fibre components (lignins, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and their equilibrium, starch and water soluble vitamins. In a second part, 387 papers published during the last 30 years on raw material utilisation in rabbit feeding were analysed. In a total of 14 tables, the 542 corresponding experiments were summarised each by the identification of the raw material, by the highest level of incorporation used in the experiment, by the highest acceptable level, by the main ingredient(s) replaced by the raw material studied, and finally by the authors reference. Raw materials studied were those used in temperate as well as in tropical countries. The raw material were grouped according to the following categories : raw material used as single food (24 experiments), cereals and by-products (43 exp.), other carbohydrates source of energy (62 exp.), fats (27 exp.), full-fat oleaginous grains (10 exp.), oil cakes and meals (43 exp.), proteic seeds such peas or beans (42 exp.), miscellaneous sources of protein such yeast or leaf protein (18 exp.), animal products (21 exp.), non-protein nitrogen source such urea (9 exp.), forages (157 exp.), cereal straws, alkali treated or not (33 exp.), cover or parts of dried grains source of fibre such stalks, hulls or cobs (19 exp.) and industrial by-products usable as fibre source (51 exp.). Key words: nutritional recommendations, raw materials, data basis" | |||
==Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality" by Z. Szendrő== | ==Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality" by Z. Szendrő== | ||
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[[File:2014 Dorsal immobility response in rabbits, Appendix note.JPG]] | [[File:2014 Dorsal immobility response in rabbits, Appendix note.JPG]] | ||
=== 2006 Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear? === | === 2006 Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear? ==== | ||
https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11361/ | https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11361/ | ||
McBride, E.A., Day, S., McAdie, Tina M., Meredith, A., Barley, J., Hickman, J. and Lawes, L. (2006) Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear? In: Proceedings of the VDWE International Congress on Companion Animal Behavior and Welfare. Flemish Veterinary Association, pp. 135-137. ISBN 90801104411 | McBride, E.A., Day, S., McAdie, Tina M., Meredith, A., Barley, J., Hickman, J. and Lawes, L. (2006) Trancing Rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear? In: Proceedings of the VDWE International Congress on Companion Animal Behavior and Welfare. Flemish Veterinary Association, pp. 135-137. ISBN 90801104411 | ||
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"Physiological measures included respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and plasma corticosterone levels which were recorded immediately prior to TI induction, upon TI termination and 15 minutes following TI termination. Behavioral measures included latency and duration of TI episodes as well as movement and frequencies of behaviors recorded during ten minute pre- and post-TI observation periods. | |||
'''Six New Zealand White rabbits were used''', 2 entire females and 4 entire males. They were divided into two groups of one male and two females. Each rabbit acted as its own control in two TI trials, one trial to record behavioral measures and one for physiological measures." "Blood pressure measures showed considerable variation and '''no consistent pattern was observed'''." | |||
===1977 Old study: LIMBIC MODULATION OF CONTACT DEFENSIVE IMMOBILITY ("ANIMAL HYPNOSIS") === | ===1977 Old study: LIMBIC MODULATION OF CONTACT DEFENSIVE IMMOBILITY ("ANIMAL HYPNOSIS") === | ||
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https://www.academia.edu/35547602/LIMBIC_MODULATION_OF_CONTACT_DEFENSIVE_IMMOBILITY_ANIMAL_HYPNOSIS_?source=swp_share | https://www.academia.edu/35547602/LIMBIC_MODULATION_OF_CONTACT_DEFENSIVE_IMMOBILITY_ANIMAL_HYPNOSIS_?source=swp_share | ||
Preoperative | |||
Behavioral Testing | Behavioral Testing | ||
Each rabbit was subjected to an immobiliza-tion test session prior to implantation of recording electrodes. The rabbit was transported from the colony room to the test room in a large box. The rabbit was taken from the transport | Each rabbit was subjected to an immobiliza-tion test session prior to implantation of recording electrodes. The rabbit was transported from the colony room to the test room in a large box. The rabbit was taken from the transport | ||
box and placed in an upright position in a wooden V-shaped trough as previously described (Woodruff et al., 1975). Immobility was induced 15 sec later by rapidly inverting the rabbit and forcibly re-straining it in the inverted | box and placed in an upright position in a wooden V-shaped trough as previously described (Woodruff et al., 1975). Immobility was induced 15 sec later by rapidly inverting the rabbit and forcibly re-straining it in the inverted | ||
position by pressing the thorax with one hand. After 15 sec had elapsed, the hand was slowly with drawn and a clock started to time the duration of the response. If the rabbit did not become immobile within 15 sec, it was | position by pressing the thorax with one hand. After 15 sec had elapsed, the hand was slowly with drawn and a clock started to time the duration of the response. If the rabbit did not become immobile within 15 sec, it was | ||
allowed to right itself and remain in the upright position for an additional 15 sec before another trial commenced. Three consecutive induction trials were given in this manner. | allowed to right itself and remain in the upright position for an additional 15 sec before another trial commenced. Three consecutive induction trials were given in this manner. | ||
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*Corresponding author’s Email: nagham.elsaidy@yahoo.com | *Corresponding author’s Email: nagham.elsaidy@yahoo.com | ||
ABSTRACT | |||
This study was conducted in order to estimate the impact of using honey in drinking water, drinking cool water andLevamisole injection as alleviated tools of heat stress on White New Zealand rabbits under Egyptian summer conditions. 40 sexually mature White New Zealand rabbits contained 36 does with an average age of 15-20 (18±2)weeks and nearly similar body weight of 2 kg and 4 fertile bucks with an average age of 24 weeks and average weight of 2.5 kg were used in this experiment. They were allocated into four groups each containing 9 does and 1buck. Group I was kept as a control without any treatment, group II received honey 20 ml/l on drinking water, group III drank cold water with a temperature ranged from 16-200C and group IV received a single dose of subcutaneous Levamisole injection (2 mg/kg BW). Results showed that most of performance, reproductive and physiological parameters of examined rabbits were significantly decreased by heat stress under Egyptian summer conditions. However, treated groups showed improved traits on most examined parameters comparing with control group. Among the treated groups, the one treated with honey expressed significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight, bodyweight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, water consumption, conception rate, litter size and weight, milk yield, economic efficiency, rectal temperature, hematological parameters and some serum biochemical parameters. On the other hand, the group which received cool water showed the best records for decreased levels of serum urea, creatine and respiratory rate. In conclusion, it is clear that heat stress has negative effects on reproductive and physiological traits of growing rabbits with drawing attention toward the importance of using alleviating methods for mitigating the negative effects of heat stress especially by using honey and drinking cool water. | This study was conducted in order to estimate the impact of using honey in drinking water, drinking cool water andLevamisole injection as alleviated tools of heat stress on White New Zealand rabbits under Egyptian summer conditions. 40 sexually mature White New Zealand rabbits contained 36 does with an average age of 15-20 (18±2)weeks and nearly similar body weight of 2 kg and 4 fertile bucks with an average age of 24 weeks and average weight of 2.5 kg were used in this experiment. They were allocated into four groups each containing 9 does and 1buck. Group I was kept as a control without any treatment, group II received honey 20 ml/l on drinking water, group III drank cold water with a temperature ranged from 16-200C and group IV received a single dose of subcutaneous Levamisole injection (2 mg/kg BW). Results showed that most of performance, reproductive and physiological parameters of examined rabbits were significantly decreased by heat stress under Egyptian summer conditions. However, treated groups showed improved traits on most examined parameters comparing with control group. Among the treated groups, the one treated with honey expressed significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight, bodyweight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, water consumption, conception rate, litter size and weight, milk yield, economic efficiency, rectal temperature, hematological parameters and some serum biochemical parameters. On the other hand, the group which received cool water showed the best records for decreased levels of serum urea, creatine and respiratory rate. In conclusion, it is clear that heat stress has negative effects on reproductive and physiological traits of growing rabbits with drawing attention toward the importance of using alleviating methods for mitigating the negative effects of heat stress especially by using honey and drinking cool water. | ||
Key words: | Key words: | ||
Heat stress, Honey, Cool water, Levamisole, Rabbit traits | Heat stress, Honey, Cool water, Levamisole, Rabbit traits | ||
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=drop all links under review here = | =drop all links under review here = | ||
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https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/373/htm | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/373/htm | ||
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065266008600966 | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065266008600966 | ||
=CAN'T FIND IT.. HA SA PAYWALL= | =CAN'T FIND IT.. HA SA PAYWALL= | ||
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555282/ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555282/ | ||
DOMESTICATED rabbits lost critical thinking skills. | |||
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1801024115 |