Rabbit Feeding Guide

Introduction

If you search online, you’ll repeatedly find the claim that rabbits should have diets consisting of 80% hay or even an all-hay diet. This recommendation largely originates from the House Rabbit Society (HRS), an extreme animal rights organization that has promoted this 80% hay diet and associated messaging for decades. Oxbow Animal Health, a major supplier of rabbit food, partners with HRS and provides funding, which raises concerns about potential conflicts of interest.

For over 20 years, the House Rabbit Society has engaged with soon-to-be exotic animal veterinarians (DVMs), offering support to help them start their practices focused on rabbits. This relationship has resulted in many veterinarians adopting HRS-influenced care practices, which include the widely promoted 80% hay diet. Consequently, this diet recommendation has become entrenched despite significant flaws.

If you review rabbit care guidelines from major universities such as Purdue, UC Davis, Colorado State University, and Washington State University, you’ll notice HRS’s influence in their citations and fine print. This is reflected in feeding recommendations on Oxbow product packaging, which dominate the pet rabbit market. The resulting proliferation of this diet advice has perpetuated misinformation.

An important historical note: in the 1990s, the House Rabbit Society conflated care advice for rabbits and cavies (guinea pigs), even suggesting they could share diets and housing. When it became clear that cavies and rabbits can transmit diseases to each other , HRS retracted the cohabitation advice—but never revisited or corrected their dietary stance for rabbits.

Further scrutiny reveals that much of the 80% hay diet recommendation traces back to a single book co-authored by Susan Brown and Jeff Jenkins titled *A Practitioner’s Guide to Rabbits and Ferrets* (1993). This book, difficult to obtain today, was frequently cited by HRS and related groups as a definitive source for the hay-first diet. However, more recent research by F. Lebas and others has discredited the outdated nutritional guidance in this book. The diet promoted therein fails to meet the minimum nutritional requirements for maintaining healthy rabbits.

Therefore, the House Rabbit Society is not a reliable source for rabbit care information. Their recommendations are often outdated or inaccurate and don’t always reflect current research. For trustworthy guidance, consult the American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA), the World Rabbit Congress, or reputable breeders ' organizations with access to the latest research and expertise.

One fundamental reason rabbits and cavies require different diets is their distinct gut microbiota, despite some anatomical similarities. A 2017 study by Crowley et al. using next-generation sequencing highlighted significant differences in the microbial populations between rabbits and guinea pigs, confirming that their digestive mechanisms differ substantially.

Furthermore, ARBA care guides, developed by a panel of veterinarians, recommend diets where pellets form the majority component, not hay. Supporting this, research comparing wild and domestic rabbits’ dental and digestive health found that hay is nutritionally poor and difficult to chew, often leading to malocclusion and periodontal disease caused by hay getting trapped between teeth. Wild rabbits are selective feeders, preferring high-nutrition fresh forage and resorting to dried grasses or hay only during starvation or severe winter conditions to survive.

References

• Crowley EJ, King JM, Wilkinson T, Worgan HJ, Huson KM, Rose MT, McEwan NR. (2017). Comparison of the microbial population in rabbits and guinea pigs by next-generation sequencing. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0165779. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165779
• Jenkins J., Brown S. (1993). *A Practitioner’s Guide to Rabbits and Ferrets*. [Publisher info if available]
• [Link to ARBA Care Guides https://arba.net/arba-recommendations-for-the-care-of-rabbits-and-cavies/]
• [Link to World Rabbit Congress resources http://world-rabbit-science.com/]

Pellet Feeding Recommendations

Rabbits do best on a Complete Balanced Alfalfa Based Pellet. 16% protein, 15-20% Fiber.

The American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) recommends feeding a completely balanced pellet as the primary and main source of nutrition for domestic rabbits. When selecting a suitable pellet, it is important to use a baseline of approximately:

• 16% crude protein
• 18% crude fiber
• A grass or legume-based ingredient as the first listed component on the label

These specifications help ensure that your rabbits receive sufficient nutrients for maintenance, growth, and reproductive performance.

Most feeding guidelines recommend providing pellets twice daily, with the total daily amount equaling approximately 1 ounce of pellets per pound of the rabbit’s ideal adult body weight. Rabbits are crepuscular by nature—most active during dawn and dusk—with periods of rest and digestion during the day. For example, a 10-pound adult rabbit would be fed roughly 5 ounces of pellets in the morning and another 5 ounces in the evening.

It is recommended that a completely balanced pellet constitute between 80% and 100% of a rabbit’s overall diet. This approach helps to ensure that the rabbit’s nutritional requirements are met in a consistent and controlled manner.

Fresh vegetables and greens should be limited to no more than one or two tablespoons total per day. These fresh plants are best used in small quantities for their supplemental or medicinal properties rather than as a primary nutrient source. Feeding excessive fresh fruits or vegetables can disrupt the delicate balance of the rabbit’s hindgut flora and motility, which may result in bacterial overgrowth, gastrointestinal stasis, and potentially fatal bloat.

Why is Oxbow not recommended?

Oxbow is one of the most widely marketed rabbit pellet brands and is often promoted by the House Rabbit Society. However, Oxbow’s formulation tends to have lower protein levels and higher fiber content than what is considered optimal for rabbit health. While rabbits fed Oxbow pellets may survive, their long-term health and condition often suffer.

To put this in perspective, a rabbit’s diet must provide a minimum of 14% digestible protein energy (DE) to maintain condition and support normal metabolic functions. This generally translates to a feed containing about 16% crude protein on a dry matter (DM) basis. A pellet containing only 14% crude protein DM provides closer to 12% DE protein, which is barely enough to sustain life, let alone promote growth or healthy fur and muscle maintenance.

Rabbits consuming diets low in digestible protein often develop a flabby, wasted body condition and exhibit constant shedding or poor coat quality. In addition, fiber levels in the diet should not exceed approximately 22% to prevent the dilution of essential nutrients. If the protein content decreases, the fiber content should decrease proportionally. For example, an Oxbow formula with 14% crude protein and 25% fiber will have a further reduced bioavailability of essential nutrients, with only about 9% DE protein effectively available to the animal, leading to malnutrition and poor health outcomes.

For these reasons, feeds such as ADM Pen Pals 16%, which contains no whole or ground corn and is balanced for all life stages, are preferred. Other recommended brands or formulations include:

• Small World 16% by Manna Pro
• Kambalch 16%
• Rowe 16%
• Hienold Commercial or Wool Formula
• Pen Pals 16%

These recommended pellets are typically alfalfa-based and contain a minimum of 16% crude protein DM with fiber content ranging between 15% and 22%. It is also advisable to avoid feeds containing whole corn kernels, which provide poor-quality nutrition. However, corn distillers, which contain the protein-rich germ without the hull or starch, are acceptable as an ingredient.

Nuanced Feeding Recommendations

Feeding Nursing and Pregnant Does

Nursing and pregnancy have significantly increased protein and energy requirements to support fetal growth and subsequent milk production. For the first two weeks of pregnancy, it is generally recommended to maintain the doe on a standard maintenance diet containing about 16% protein.

Starting in the third week of pregnancy, the diet should be gradually transitioned to a higher protein ratio, around 18%, to meet the increased nutritional demands. Once the doe has given birth and is nursing kits, she should be allowed free access to a high-quality 18% protein pellet to support continued milk production and recovery.

Several safe and effective feed additives can be included in the diet of nursing does to enhance milk yield. These include:

• Steam-rolled or traditional old-fashioned oats
• Calf manna
• Black oil sunflower seeds

These supplements should be offered in small quantities—generally half to one teaspoon per feeding—in a separate bowl to avoid contamination or waste of pellets.

Bananas (fruit only, no peel) can be offered to pregnant does in limited amounts to provide a natural source of potassium and sugars, which are beneficial during the late stages of fetal development. For nursing does, small amounts of banana peel can also be given, but care must be taken as the peel contains compounds that may induce uterine contractions. Therefore, banana peel should never be given to does before or during pregnancy but can be safely provided immediately after birth.

Additionally, Tums (either plain or fruit-flavored) can serve as a calcium supplement to nursing does. One or two Tums daily for the first few days postpartum can help boost calcium availability for milk production, with occasional supplementation continuing through the nursing period.

• Foods to avoid during pregnancy and nursing:*
  • Plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae) should be avoided as they may dry up milk production. They can be given to does only after litter loss or post-weaning when drying up the doe.
  • Banana peel must be avoided during pregnancy due to its potential to induce contractions, but it is safe after kindling.

Feeding Weanling Rabbits (8 to 20 weeks)

Weanlings are in a rapid growth phase and require a diet higher in protein to support development. They should be fed a complete pellet containing between 17% and 20% protein and given free access to ensure adequate intake.

Feeding Adult Non-Producing Rabbits

Adult rabbits not involved in breeding, gestation, or lactation have more moderate nutritional requirements. Protein levels between 15% and 17% are generally sufficient, provided the pellet contains a minimum of 15% fiber.

Pellets for non-producing adults can be based on timothy or alfalfa hay. Avoid pellets with a grain-based ingredient list, as these are less suitable for optimal rabbit health.

Daily intake guidelines remain at approximately 1 ounce of pellets per pound of ideal body weight, divided into two feedings per day. For example, a 10-pound adult rabbit would receive approximately 5 ounces of pellets in the morning and 5 ounces in the evening.

Conditioning Show Rabbits

Diet can be amended for different life stages and for special conditioning

Show rabbits often require specialized dietary adjustments depending on the life stage or conditioning goals. Some common dietary supplements used to optimize coat quality, muscle tone, and digestive health include:

• **Coat Finishers:** Supplements rich in vitamin E and fat are often used to improve coat luster and texture. Black oil sunflower seeds (BOS) are a popular natural source of these nutrients.
• **Muscle and Flesh Conditioners:** Protein boosters such as whey powder, rolled oats, and barley may be added to the diet to promote muscle development and firmness of flesh, particularly before shows.
• **Digestive Aids:** Enzymatic supplements like papaya enzyme powder assist in nutrient absorption and can help break down ingested wool or fur during shedding seasons.
• **Fiber Supplements:** Small amounts of grass hays and beet pulp shreds can be offered to support gut motility and health. However, be mindful that beet pulp can be high in sugars, so quantities should be kept small. Shredded plain pumpkin is also used as a mild fiber supplement and digestive aid.

Other Feed Additives

Proteins

Rabbits require adequate protein for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. While maintenance feeds with 12%-15% protein can sustain non-producing rabbits, a balanced ration containing around 16% protein produces better overall health and condition. Providing a single feed with sufficient protein for all life stages is often easier for management.

• Corn Distillers: Do not confuse whole or cracked corn with corn distillers, which are the protein-rich remnants after fermentation removes sugars. Sugars promote harmful bacterial overgrowth leading to bloat and GI stasis, so avoiding whole corn kernels is critical.

• Soybean: Studies show soybean is a superior protein source compared to cowpea or pigeon pea for growing rabbits. Cowpea varieties with high tannin content may harm kidneys and are not recommended as sole protein sources.

Fat

Fats provide concentrated energy and are important for coat and skin health. Common fat sources include oils and black oil sunflower seeds, which also supply essential fatty acids and vitamin E.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates provide energy, but care must be taken to avoid simple sugars that disrupt gut flora.

• Corn: Whole or cracked corn kernels should never be fed to rabbits. However, certain corn by-products (like corn distillers) are acceptable when used correctly.

• Oats and Beet Pulp Shreds: These are common carbohydrate sources that also provide some fiber.

Fiber

Fiber is crucial for maintaining healthy digestive motility and preventing gut disorders. The quality and particle size of fiber directly influence gut health and immune function.

• Excessively high fiber (>25% Acid Detergent Fiber) dilutes dietary energy and reduces growth rates because rabbits cannot consume enough feed to compensate.

• Studies indicate that fiber particle size affects mortality, immunity, and gut bacteria populations in rabbits, with heterogeneous particle sizes increasing lignin content and digestive stress.

Common fiber sources include timothy hay and beet pulp shreds, which help maintain optimal gut function.

Enzymes

Enzymatic supplements can aid digestion, especially during periods of stress or dietary transition. These include papaya enzyme and other proteolytic enzymes.

Supplements

Additional supplements may be used to address specific nutritional needs or to support reproductive performance, coat condition, or digestive health. These are best used judiciously and tailored to the animal's life stage and condition.

Notes and References

• See detailed reviews on fiber digestion and its effects on rabbit health (Gidenne 1996, De Blas 1999, Licois & Gidenne 1999, Bennegadi et al. 2000).
• Particle size and fiber content significantly affect mortality, immune response, and gut bacterial populations (source: https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjn.2019.101.108).
• Avoid feeding whole or cracked corn kernels; use corn distillers cautiously.

Common Types of Hay and Their Nutritional Profiles

Timothy Hay (Phleum pratense L.)

• Protein: ~3–13.8% DM (varies with storage and age)
• Fiber: ~31.8% DM
• Carbohydrates: 4.7–10.9% DM

Timothy hay is popular for fiber supplementation but cannot support adult rabbits alone due to low protein and energy digestibility. Its lysine content is low, meeting only about 70% of growing rabbits' needs. Calcium content is low (~0.33%), which can be either advantageous or limiting depending on the overall diet.

Alfalfa Hay (Medicago sativa L.)

• Protein: ~18.3% DM
• Fiber: ~28.6% DM
• Carbohydrates: ~4.5% DM

Alfalfa is highly palatable and widely used as a fiber and protein source. It promotes digestive motility and caecal flora balance. Inclusion recommendations vary but typically fall between 20–40%. High inclusion levels (>80%) have shown mortality reduction in some studies but may risk calcium overload in adults. Protein digestibility is moderate, limiting support for very rapid growth.

Red Clover Hay

• Protein: ~18.7% DM
• Fiber: ~27.4% DM
• Carbohydrates: ~13% DM

Red clover hay can safely replace alfalfa up to 30% without adverse effects on growth or mortality.

Oat Forage (Avena sativa L.)

• Protein: ~9.1% DM
• Fiber: ~34% DM
• Carbohydrates: ~17.7% DM

Grass Hay

Includes timothy, brome, orchard grass, tall fescue, bermuda grass.

• Typically high fiber, low protein, vitamins, and minerals compared to legumes.
• Nutritional content varies widely by species and harvest conditions.

Mixed Grass/Legume Hay

• Combines benefits of legumes (protein, minerals) and grasses (fiber).
• Balanced mixes (e.g., 1/3 grass to 2/3 legume) optimize nutrition and yield.

Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.)

• Protein: ~9.8% DM
• Fiber: ~31.3% DM
• Carbohydrates: ~0.8% DM

Rabbit Snacks and Treats

Recipe page:

Debunked Studies Whose Information Is Still Used as “Evidence” for House Rabbit Society Propaganda

Preference of rabbits for drinking from open dishes versus nipple drinkers

• Tschudin, A; Clauss, M; Codron, D; Hatt, J-M.*
• The Veterinary Record; London Vol. 168, Iss. 7 (Feb 19, 2011): 190*

\[[1](https://www.proquest.com/openview/aab930d5ae37a871a6db58254da14fdb/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2041027&fbclid=IwAR231sEmTCZBjH9nE5l6q1mFN-Hb9dXPREmaXCS279ipOCuc4BZDUXeJGtQ)]

This study has been widely discredited and subsequently removed from platforms like ResearchGate and PubMed. The primary reason is the extremely small sample size: only **12 dwarf rabbits total**, which is insufficient to draw any meaningful, statistically valid conclusions. Despite this, the study’s findings are still sometimes cited as if they were definitive proof of rabbits’ drinking preferences, which is misleading. ---

Questionable Sources on House Rabbit Society (HRS) Care Pages

The House Rabbit Society care pages cite **three main sources** at the bottom of their nutrition and care articles. However, none of these sources provide peer-reviewed research or studies specifically supporting their claims. Instead, the citations lean heavily on credentials or opinion pieces with no empirical backing:

• Dr. Susan Smith, Ph.D., Professor of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Dr. Micah Kohles, DVM, MPA, Oxbow Animal Health
• Dr. Peter G. Fisher, DVM, Dipl ABVP (Exotic Companion Mammal), Pet Care Veterinary Hospital

---

Dr. Susan Smith, Ph.D. — University of Wisconsin-Madison

\[[2](https://sph.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/112/2016/07/Susan_Smith_CV.pdf) CV]

Dr. Smith served on the House Rabbit Society’s National Board of Directors from 2002 to 2010 and has presented at their conferences and written lay opinion articles. Yet, she has no published research on rabbits and no peer-reviewed work on rabbit nutrition or health. Her rabbit involvement appears limited solely to her HRS board role. However:

• She has **no published research studies involving rabbits**.
• No peer-reviewed papers on rabbit nutrition or health.
• Her rabbit-related involvement appears to be exclusively as part of the HRS board.

This fact underscores the HRS’s own stance: they are primarily an activist organization, not a science-based authority. By using Dr. Smith’s academic title to back their advice without supporting research, HRS highlights their reliance on advocacy over rigorous scientific evidence.

---

Dr. Micah Kohles, DVM, MPA — Oxbow Animal Health

Dr. Kohles co-authored a study titled:

• “The Effect of Feed Form on Diet Digestibility and Cecal Parameters in Rabbits”* (December 2017)

[[3](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321658593_The_Effect_of_Feed_Form_on_Diet_Digestibility_and_Cecal_Parameters_in_Rabbits)]

Key issues with this study:

• Sample size of **only 15 New Zealand rabbits**, divided into three groups of five.
• Experimental period followed a 45-day acclimation plus 30-day feeding trial.
• The study compared pelleted, extruded, and muesli diets (pelleted diet at only 14% protein).
• Findings were inconsistent depending on the digestibility estimation method used.
• Authors concluded diet composition mattered more than form, but results were inconclusive.

Despite this, Oxbow Animal Health, where Dr. Kohles works as VP of Technical Services and Research, is cited by the HRS as a major authority on rabbit nutrition. However, this study’s limited scope and contradictory results do not strongly support sweeping dietary recommendations.

---

Dr. Peter G. Fisher, DVM, Dipl ABVP (Exotic Companion Mammal)

Dr. Fisher has authored a few opinion-based articles related to rabbit gastrointestinal disease, but these do **not** provide scientific data supporting nutritional claims cited by the House Rabbit Society. Examples include:

• [Gastrointestinal disease in ferrets and rabbits (Proceedings)](https://www.dvm360.com/view/gastrointestinal-disease-ferrets-and-rabbits-proceedings)

 Focuses on gastrointestinal diseases and parasites causing bloat, but contains no diet-related research.

In his *Rabbit Medicine Overview* proceedings, Dr. Fisher briefly addresses rabbit nutrition with advice that reads more like a product promotion than a rigorous scientific review. The section:

• Lacks any supporting research citations, unlike other well-referenced sections of the paper.
• Provides general recommendations consistent with standard rabbit dietary advice but without backing data or critical analysis.

Key points from Fisher’s nutrition section:

• Emphasizes the importance of a diet high in fiber (20-25%) with low starch and balanced protein levels to maintain gastrointestinal health.
• Recommends a maintenance feeding guideline of roughly **1 ounce of high-fiber pellets per kilogram of body weight**, plus **ad libitum access to grass hays** such as timothy, oat, orchard grass, or meadow hay.
• Suggests pellets should be over 20% fiber and below 16% protein—specifications that conveniently match the nutrient profile of Oxbow’s own pellet products.
• Advocates feeding fresh leafy greens as enrichment and as a tool to monitor appetite in rabbits suspected of gastrointestinal stasis.
• Specifically promotes *Oxbow Critical Care for Herbivores* as an excellent syringe-fed nutritional support for anorexic rabbits.

• • Critique:**

• The absence of any cited research undermines the credibility of these recommendations, making them appear anecdotal or opinion-based rather than evidence-driven.
• The nutrition advice aligns closely with Oxbow’s product line, raising conflict-of-interest concerns.
• No discussion is offered on alternative feeding strategies, potential risks of exclusive pellet feeding, or critical evaluation of fiber sources and digestibility.
• This section does not address recent research on rabbit nutrition that highlights risks of low-fiber diets or “salad-only” feeding regimes, nor does it reconcile the complexity of fiber types and particle size in rabbit gut health.

In summary, while the nutrition overview provides a superficially reasonable framework for rabbit diets, it falls short of scientific rigor and transparency. Its implicit promotion of Oxbow products further questions the independence of the advice offered.

• [Thinking of adding exotic mammals to your case load? (Proceedings)](https://www.dvm360.com/view/thinking-adding-exotic-mammals-your-case-load-equipment-needs-proceedings)

 Reads like a marketing pitch for Oxbow Animal Health products rather than independent scientific guidance. The article by Dr. Peter G. Fisher does not provide detailed original research or deep nutritional information on rabbits either.

Here’s what it does regarding nutrition

• Mentions inappropriate feeding practices as a common problem in exotic mammals, including rabbits.

• Advises vets to have exotic mammal diets on hand (naming commercial brands like Oxbow, Zupreem, Mazuri) to help clients start dietary changes.

• Suggests keeping fresh leafy greens available as examples and for appetite testing.

• Recommends Oxbow Critical Care for nutritional support of anorexic rabbits.

• Emphasizes the importance of client education on nutrition but doesn’t cite specific studies or give detailed feeding guidelines.

In other words, the nutrition coverage is very general, clinical, and product-oriented, mostly about what vets should stock or recommend, rather than presenting any primary research or independent nutritional analysis.

This article is more about veterinary practice setup, equipment, diagnostics, and handling exotic mammals, with a small section acknowledging diet importance but no rigorous evidence or data. It reads like a practical veterinary guide with vendor references, not a scientific nutrition paper.

---

1. 1. 1. Summary of Issues with HRS Nutrition Sources:

• No peer-reviewed studies are cited in their nutrition advice.
• Two of the cited veterinarians (Fisher and Kohles) have only authored opinion pieces or small-sample studies that do not substantiate the claims made.
• Dr. Susan Smith lacks any published rabbit research.
• Some referenced studies by these vets actually support the use of complete, balanced pellets over “salads” or low-fiber, high-fermentable-carb diets—which the HRS article fails to emphasize or mention.
• The overall impression is that the House Rabbit Society’s nutritional guidance is **not based on rigorous science** but on opinion and marketing interests.

---

1. 1. 1. Additional Reference on Feed Components:

Nutritive value of pine sawdust (used sometimes as bedding or feed additive):

• Crude Protein (CP): 1.8 to 3.5 g/100g
• Crude Fiber (CF): 39.5 to 74.0 g/100g

For comparison, Timothy hay typically contains:

• CP: \~3 g/100g
• CF: \~28 g/100g

[[4](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267686834_NUTRITIVE_VALUE_OF_SAWDUST)]

Feed Related Studies

Research Links

Rabbit Tracks: Feeds and Feeding April 24, 2017 - Author: Michigan State University Extension
Received: 23 May 2021 / Revised: 12 July 2021 / Accepted: 12 July 2021 / Published: 14 July 2021

Impact of feed restriction and of the hygiene of housing on rabbit performances and health
August 2013

Effects of Rocket Seed Oil, Wheat Germ Oil, and Their Mixture on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Digestibility, Redox Status, and Meat Fatty Acid Profile of Growing Rabbits
April 24, 2017 - Author: Michigan State University Extension

RECENT RESEARCH ADVANCES IN RABBIT NUTRITION
December 2000

Reflections on rabbit nutrition with a special emphasis on feed ingredients utilization
January 2004

Feed related

Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition Nutrition of the Rabbit Second Edition Mohammad Rifky

rabbit_tracks_feeds_and_feeding https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/rabbit_tracks_feeds_and_feeding

Impact_of_feed_restriction_and_of_the_hygiene_of_housing_on_rabbit_performances_and_health== https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275519611_Impact_of_feed_restriction_and_of_the_hygiene_of_housing_on_rabbit_performances_and_health

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/7/662

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268003523_RECENT_RESEARCH_ADVANCES_IN_RABBIT_NUTRITION

https://www.vetfolio.com/learn/article/nutrition-know-how-pet-rabbit-nutrition

General Feed Supplements

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Utilization of Flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Rabbit Rations. 2. Influence of Flaxseeds Levels Supplementations on Blood Constituents, Carcass Characteristics and Fatty Acids Profile." by dr.azza badr=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/UThubG0wTEgrc1BKeEFnT3pycEF1OUxwVHZ6S1RGcVd1SkErVThPQnZqMD0tLXV5ZW5LVitIT0NhdDYvZnFuVWJlRlE9PQ==--4d0a1cc52d355dfd197363aa7fa6dc86b45cdf4a/t/sPPdN-QgG9ADH-bbjVAv/resource/work/12250987/Utilization_of_Flaxseeds_Linum_usitatissimum_L_in_Rabbit_Rations_2_Influence_of_Flaxseeds_Levels_Supplementations_on_Blood_Constituents_Carcass_Characteristics_and_Fatty_Acids_Profile?email_work_card=title

Agronomy: "Growth Performance and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility Coefficients of Weaned Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Forms of Cocoa Pod Husk Meal" by Asian Online Journal Publishing Group=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/L3IzQTZDNUVZWUF2NEwvZDV1Wkp0ZU52TU1meHJIY1dXYkt3UXU4T3E5UT0tLUl3SW9lQ0RZU3NhMjAwNjhIWWY3Y3c9PQ==--a3f206fa63664368e8bfde6eebd8f9470a3bdb2a/t/sPPdN-QpF3kHw-bqigTi/resource/work/35848207/Growth_Performance_and_Apparent_Nutrient_Digestibility_Coefficients_of_Weaned_Rabbits_Fed_Diets_Containing_Different_Forms_of_Cocoa_Pod_Husk_Meal?email_work_card=title

EFFECT OF CHAMOMILE FLOWERS AS FEED ADDITIVE ON SOME BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR GROWING RABBITS" by Ibrahim abaza=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/YjZsSmVsM3AxM2F4enBmNkU5KzRuTVo2cFJKdUlDY3hVMGJSMDVRS2pwND0tLVN1V3FvTHc5MnI0NXFVbjBuQ1hnYUE9PQ==--3b3eadef9f6ebfe96bfa15eea7a3dfae8e494a31/t/sPPdN-Qpjmi1D-bdz6oo/resource/work/9329672/EFFECT_OF_CHAMOMILE_FLOWERS_AS_FEED_ADDITIVE_ON_SOME_BIOLOGICAL_PARAMETERS_FOR_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title

The Nutritive Value of Zornia glochidiata as a Non-conventional Feedstuff in Rabbit in Sokoto, Nigeria" by Ndudim Ogo=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/aUFMWjBISEJNMHVKZ080NjR5TGErcXpJRzJMelp0U0JtamU4Y2lvRFpJUT0tLVA2dEFmL0hEcGg0SFV2TG1teVlFaWc9PQ==--622e2baee790f8efb1144e9240ed1ada4b3fe5c8/t/sPPdN-QnogdXn-bc1HPX/resource/work/18711695/The_Nutritive_Value_of_Zornia_glochidiata_as_a_Non_conventional_Feedstuff_in_Rabbit_in_Sokoto_Nigeria?email_work_card=title

Performance of rabbits fed diets with varying concentrate and fodder ratio in north eastern region of Tripura" by Asit Chakrabarti=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/MGIycnE2am5lK09CbkEzWnluM1JtaFFjNlk0UVUxSGpQTXNWTE1hS2VYZz0tLWsrdFc5bElVOHcyYmVzWkhrQmRSMVE9PQ==--5b5a30c634eeea396188f5f96e29e2476dd5cdd6/t/sPPdN-QmEt7ei-AvMTB/resource/work/39725417/Performance_of_rabbits_fed_diets_with_varying_concentrate_and_fodder_ratio_in_north_eastern_region_of_Tripura?email_work_card=title

Various Legume as feed and feed supplements

Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as sole sources of proteins for growing rabbits" by Donald Chisowa=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/SWR6b1dLWFNBb3pxbFh3VXNCUmxjWnFuV0hac1JuMnhjVERWUzh3djYwOD0tLTdwcXJ2VmJ1UTFTa0p5TzBCUFdlb1E9PQ==--e17ca3b4f9f183f27b84e94a67e75efe6ebf36f4/t/sPPdN-QoQRVXM-WNtJE/resource/work/11351185/Evaluation_of_soybean_Glycine_max_cowpea_Vigna_unguiculata_and_pigeon_pea_Cajanus_cajan_as_sole_sources_of_proteins_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title

Hamed A.A Omerand Azza M.M. Badr.Growth Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Pea StrawLife Science Journal 2013;10(2)" by dr.azza badr=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/U2pZNE5LYmdLY2NleXppeDhCb2owd2YxZ0FDNWJub2IzNmNsM0ZCNlpIQT0tLU51UHBhN3JGQ0ZmOWJYclJTdWRKNkE9PQ==--429eb979b597c8159c3230f2bb5e087f0b6765ca/t/sPPdN-QcSQb5L-bxcsdM/resource/work/8539260/Hamed_A_A_Omerand_Azza_M_M_Badr_Growth_Performance_of_New_Zealand_White_Rabbits_Fed_Diets_Containing_Different_Levels_of_Pea_StrawLife_Science_Journal_2013_10_2_?email_work_card=title

Effect of Chemical Composition of Alfalfa Hay on Several . Digestive Measurements in Growing Rabbits" by Rosa Carabaño=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/VldVYTkrN3FQVmVjZzBlT0tPSXFNN3lJWks5a0JDbSs2Nm0vWk5yNTAvZz0tLThQaE85MTc3Vlo2YmdwVSsrTFpJdWc9PQ==--90cc8df7accb7e7757b217e27490b7698e7cf5a0/t/sPPdN-Qa9cnMB-B2d8N/resource/work/24812249/Effect_of_Chemical_Composition_of_Alfalfa_Hay_on_Several_Digestive_Measurements_in_Growing_Rabbits?email_work_card=title

EFFECT OF FEEDING OLIVE CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH OR WITHOUT BENTONITE ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS" by mohamed basyony== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/aGhEa0Y3MXpTUm9QK0g4NS8rbGVZTmwyL3Q2Wmd1bFh0VzhhYTFkR1lGTT0tLWdvNlFRT0hhcEowVy9ESGpQTFplTHc9PQ==--e954ae63b78666fe8b6026136d1caa841a3244e7/t/sPPdN-QaECJQk-baz1zi/resource/work/36496594/EFFECT_OF_FEEDING_OLIVE_CAKE_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_BENTONITE_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUM OR POTASSIUM, IN SUB-TROPICAL EGYPT" by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyat== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/SU9MMGRUSEhLWGlNT20zaXdkTXEyUjJYYWlFaDI2RHRqNnZtYXF1Z1d6WT0tLUphSHIxRlRRbUZQQituR25Gc0dkK2c9PQ==--841cf9236890a2487e4a977273720546ef9a32dc/t/sPPdN-QaqqFUB-nAEXb/resource/work/12692254/GROWTH_PERFORMANCE_BLOOD_COMPONENTS_AND_SLAUGHTER_TRAITS_OF_NEW_ZEALAND_WHITE_MALE_GROWING_RABBITS_AS_AFFECTED_BY_DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTATION_WITH_CALCIUM_SODIUM_OR_POTASSIUM_IN_SUB_TROPICAL_EGYPT?email_work_card=title

Additional energy supplements in the diet for growing rabbits" by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Ayyat== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/NHFKYlphcXg4VWNzZGVkSDVmVVFXYXlqOCtHSEVrd3RLN0NQN2xDZFZwYz0tLVVFcFpIZE9zV3pEWWRkU1Z5N09JcUE9PQ==--b6e433ce56d2392549ee5b405d73fa8c16e303ff/t/sPPdN-QaifWu2-bfmPBZ/resource/work/23248022/Additional_energy_supplements_in_the_diet_for_growing_rabbits?email_work_card=title

Influence of dietary benzoic acid addition on nutrient digestibility and selected biochemical parameters in fattening rabbits" by K. Fegeros== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/b2lheWJTUWNnUEVBTG5Ddm1YamhzSDQySGNZd0k1TVV1aE1ldmFVR1RGVT0tLUNLSk5MYmlvYW1kN29STUUzSCtPelE9PQ==--917462902d2600191af2d70536465a40bd316be4/t/sPPdN-QepHj7D-VtVZd/resource/work/30474431/Influence_of_dietary_benzoic_acid_addition_on_nutrient_digestibility_and_selected_biochemical_parameters_in_fattening_rabbits?email_work_card=title

COMMERCIAL ENZYMES

EFFECT OF USING COMMERCIAL ENZYMES TO IMPROVE DIETS CONTAINED PEANUT HAY ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS" by Fathy Atta=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/OUJlVHFVTHozWlFQYW9idGdPUmJSUHJFZElZdGRXR3Fpc04rZU41N1IrZz0tLXlWY2FhdldaTll1Y1AwbEpxczAxbXc9PQ==--e16599d129e829b7da7a4ca4d6c379ce72e7532b/t/sPPdN-QeUbKK9-bxtmgk/resource/work/7230460/EFFECT_OF_USING_COMMERCIAL_ENZYMES_TO_IMPROVE_DIETS_CONTAINED_PEANUT_HAY_ON_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS?email_work_card=title

RESPONSE OF GROWING RABBITS TO DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF WHEAT SCREENING BY-PRODUCT WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION " by Ibrahim abaza=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bGpGeEkrdzZ3NE5PU2hKYUNZdmRQN1JMYjdqMU51RGc0clRmTStHTVhwbz0tLTF5bnhHY0V1TUxLNnZrR1N1WmdmVVE9PQ==--e42c63ee99bdc464d47fa63c8decab24ae97b4fb/t/sPPdN-Qc5erQc-bhct0a/resource/work/5108323/RESPONSE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS_TO_DIETS_CONTAINING_DIFFERENT_LEVELS_OF_WHEAT_SCREENING_BY_PRODUCT_WITH_OR_WITHOUT_ENZYME_SUPPLEMENTATION?email_work_card=title

EFFECT OF DIETARY CORN COBS AND ENZYMES SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWING RABBITS PERFORMANCE=== https://www.academia.edu/8019560/EFFECT_OF_DIETARY_CORN_COBS_AND_ENZYMES_SUPPLEMENTATION_ON_GROWING_RABBITS_PERFORMANCE?email_work_card=title Ibrahim abaza

EFFECT OF ENZYMES AND PROBIOTIC MIXTURESUPPLEMENTATION TO THE DIET OF GROWING FEMALE RABBITS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CRITERIA" by Mohamed El-Sagheer=== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bFNjQ1hweHdXMU5jZStuaTVwR0FNMEl2S2FHYzNLa2twOExReE9oeU9OVT0tLUQ5RXdoNElpYzlpUGJCK0hmMnhseVE9PQ==--05cb9b9a585550db2c1c6d59abe3c29322dc3ee1/t/sPPdN-QaMLryt-K4jEZ/resource/work/11938475/EFFECT_OF_ENZYMES_AND_PROBIOTIC_MIXTURESUPPLEMENTATION_TO_THE_DIET_OF_GROWING_FEMALE_RABBITS_ON_PERFORMANCE_AND_CARCASS_CRITERIA?email_work_card=title

REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION " REFLECTIONS ON RABBIT NUTRITION WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEED INGREDIENTS UTILIZATION LEBAS F. Cuniculture, 87a Chemin de Lassère, 31450 Corronsac, France lebas@cuniculture.info ABSTRACT In this invited communication the author proposes a list of nutritional recommendations for rabbits of different categories: growing from 18 to 42 days, from 42 to 80 days, for breeding does according to productivity (40-50 kits weaned per doe/year or more than 50) and for a single diet suitable for all rabbits. Recommendations taking account the last published data, are divided in 2 groups. The first corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to feed efficiency: digestible energy, crude and digestible protein, amino acids, minerals, and fat-soluble vitamins. The second group corresponds to nutrients which contribute mainly to nutritive security and digestive health: different fibre components (lignins, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and their equilibrium, starch and water soluble vitamins. In a second part, 387 papers published during the last 30 years on raw material utilisation in rabbit feeding were analysed. In a total of 14 tables, the 542 corresponding experiments were summarised each by the identification of the raw material, by the highest level of incorporation used in the experiment, by the highest acceptable level, by the main ingredient(s) replaced by the raw material studied, and finally by the authors reference. Raw materials studied were those used in temperate as well as in tropical countries. The raw material were grouped according to the following categories : raw material used as single food (24 experiments), cereals and by-products (43 exp.), other carbohydrates source of energy (62 exp.), fats (27 exp.), full-fat oleaginous grains (10 exp.), oil cakes and meals (43 exp.), proteic seeds such peas or beans (42 exp.), miscellaneous sources of protein such yeast or leaf protein (18 exp.), animal products (21 exp.), non-protein nitrogen source such urea (9 exp.), forages (157 exp.), cereal straws, alkali treated or not (33 exp.), cover or parts of dried grains source of fibre such stalks, hulls or cobs (19 exp.) and industrial by-products usable as fibre source (51 exp.). Key words: nutritional recommendations, raw materials, data basis"

Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality" by Z. Szendrő== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/ZTN1b3FROWR1aUZhWGM1Q0FJRk1XcWpSajlIRDdGUlZUakRXc21FRmxjaz0tLVNIdE1PS3ZtdnZuR1hWWm82UDg3U3c9PQ==--669990dfc647432f898e381ed8b9b41de23c78aa/t/sPPdN-QmqdKDg-bmjCCY/resource/work/13592540/Effect_of_energy_restriction_in_interaction_with_genotype_on_the_performance_of_growing_rabbits_II_Carcass_traits_and_meat_quality?email_work_card=title

Response of New Zealand Rabbits to Diet Containing Guava Waste (Psidium Guaijava L.): 1. Effect on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility and Economic Efficiency" by hadil samy== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bDBFWG8wcXl1MlBnSjlyenBnUkhKL2FZTmVnYmtyVW9vbThrWGNwaERMOD0tLXY4WWFsRlpHU0FKWVRTRTlLTmRCRnc9PQ==--6433eef0d04443b5c7e946a1c73ae59282239da3/t/sPPdN-Qmh7hzB-insEp/resource/work/27823893/Response_of_New_Zealand_Rabbits_to_Diet_Containing_Guava_Waste_Psidium_Guaijava_L_1_Effect_on_Growth_Performance_Diet_Digestibility_and_Economic_Efficiency?email_work_card=title

DOI: Response of New Zealand Rabbits to Diet Containing Guava Waste (Psidium Guaijava L.): 1. Effect on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility and Economic Efficiency" by Fathy Abdel-Fattah== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/L2g5dmN3WEx4d01hb3JHanJkL1pUQXhZSXBMd3JwczQyVGlGeUhaakFxcz0tLUFPYUloZy9HZnAzMU1wMklmcDUxcEE9PQ==--cf05b9d08abd2994dce26ca3b775a8a327b9c34f/t/sPPdN-QqEo2CE-fAfA5/resource/work/38091315/DOI_Response_of_New_Zealand_Rabbits_to_Diet_Containing_Guava_Waste_Psidium_Guaijava_L_1_Effect_on_Growth_Performance_Diet_Digestibility_and_Economic_Efficiency?email_work_card=title

INCLUSION OF DRIED AGRO-INDUSTRIAL STRAWBERRY BY- PRODUCTS IN GROWING RABBIT DIETS" by mohamed basyony== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/N0V6STlENndzVWprbmthVTJGZEtGcUVha0RzZ2dCWm5sVFZXSFI5VFRPOD0tLWMxRjUyRHpHZ2pyU0l3SGkyR2JXVGc9PQ==--bdf935bf33d5e21673da61a284addd06919e86b9/t/sPPdN-QhFdf7T-VUozM/resource/work/36496618/INCLUSION_OF_DRIED_AGRO_INDUSTRIAL_STRAWBERRY_BY_PRODUCTS_IN_GROWING_RABBIT_DIETS?email_work_card=title

Rabbit’s performance, health and meat quality improvement by phyto-additives" by Attawit Kovitvadhi== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/bi8vWGZUcnVHM00zaDJSRklnOWVsV1VtMjlFQjFnQVNDN3VOUXJEQ3Z4Yz0tLXI0MndMN2J3UE8xZkNMbG5yV21YMmc9PQ==--c03893c550d192819f3dde5b88cb43c0251cfc1e/t/sPPdN-QqNsCkH-0zMCL/resource/work/19803703/Rabbit_s_performance_health_and_meat_quality_improvement_by_phyto_additives?email_work_card=title

PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS FED DIET CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TOMATO POMACE" by Mahmoud Elazab== https://www.academia.edu/keypass/eDNRMFl1YXdrb2ZTMGdxUkJTYkRTWDNzYkJoVHRVN2locDY1c3FjT3ZCcz0tLTB0R3RFeXZLNGduVlQvN2VQQ1ZaL3c9PQ==--b8af070801c6d13d7041b1060baf6b0b2f86db3f/t/sPPdN-QhbGBew-kbnLX/resource/work/35484427/PRODUCTIVE_PERFORMANCE_OF_GROWING_RABBITS_FED_DIET_CONTAINING_DIFFERENT_LEVELS_OF_TOMATO_POMACE?email_work_card=title

[https://www.academia.edu/keypass/dVhDUDgwSXFFTHo0UVBldFNXOHFQVkhsbFZnVEphQm50U1FtK1BNc2JIRT0tLXZOQUhpcFFDZ2czSndMaXZDNGVWTVE9PQ==--3f889f2926497df89c9685f9795796f88b4c76c3/t/sPPdN-Qg4y1P2-UzbBy/resource/work/21181061/Growth_performance_carcass_quality_biochemical_and_haematological_traits_and_immune_response_of_growing_rabbits_as_affected_by_different_growth_promoters?email_work_card=title

Growth performance, carcass quality, biochemical and haematological traits and immune response of growing rabbits as affected by different growth promoters" by Youssef Attia]

EVALUATION OF EGYPTIAN TREE WILLOW (Salix safsafs) LEAVES AND ITS FEEDING AFFECT ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS" by mohamed basyony

UTILIZATION OF Ziziphus spina-christi LEAVES AS A NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTER IN RABBIT'S RATIONS" by mohamed basyony

Effect of replacement of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) hay by berseem silage on performance of growing rabbits" by Hamed Gaafar

Oil added to feed

Improving the Utilization of Rabbit Diets Containing Vegetable Oil by Using Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) And Oregano (Origanum vulgare L) as Feed Additives" by dr.azza badr

Study of the effect of grape seed extract as a natural antioxidant on the performance of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits during summer season in Egypt Fawzia A. Hassan1; Khalid M. Mahrose2 and Mohamed Basyony3" by mohamed basyony https://www.academia.edu/keypass/Z0t1TlpMWlo4TjlkRmtURzkxY01MeWZMcEd2SmczNURyUE1GNm10Sy9jaz0tLWNBZ3pLMVZ6RDJ6dnJzeEhsRitsaGc9PQ==--3ea66988e3650ec90c1f8439baede86ffca6bf57/t/sPPdN-QdrCvu9-byFUwt/resource/work/21659194/Study_of_the_effect_of_grape_seed_extract_as_a_natural_antioxidant_on_the_performance_of_New_Zealand_White_NZW_rabbits_during_summer_season_in_Egypt_Fawzia_A_Hassan1_Khalid_M_Mahrose2_and_Mohamed_Basyony3?email_work_card=title